:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:健康與教育之長期效果: 台灣雙胞胎與手足樣本研究
作者:謝宗憲
作者(外文):Zong-Xian Xie
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:經濟學研究所
指導教授:劉錦添
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:雙胞胎手足教育健康出生體重住院跨代傳遞twinsiblingeducationhealthbirth weighthospitalizationintergenerational transmission
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:26
第一章:The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Birth Weight
出生體重的報酬一直是健康經濟領域的重要課題,並同時也是國家健康政策中不 可或缺的一環。 在這一章,根據出生於1979至1984年間的台灣雙胞胎與單胞胎手 足樣本,我試圖評估出生體重的短期至長期效果。 透過固定效果模型的運用,我 發現出生體重確實對小孩未來的健康狀態、教育表現以及薪資水準具有顯著正向 影響。 此外,我也進而檢視出生體重效果在不同類別的雙胞胎間是否有所差異, 以及觀察此效果是否呈現非線性。
第二章:An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Education and Health
高教育水準的人們是否擁有較好的健康? 許多研究指出教育程度愈高的人們確實 會在各種衡量健康的指標表現較佳,其中包括死亡、自我健康評估、健康相關行 為以及其他健康指標。 在這一章,我選擇平均一年的住院日數以評估一人健康狀 態,並同時透過工具變數法及雙胞胎 (及手足) 固定效果模型進行討論。 雖在工 具變數法的估計呈現不確定結果,但在利用雙胞胎及手足樣本的固定效果模型則 發現教育年數愈高的人們確實顯著地擁有較少的住院日數。 此外,教育對健康的 效果會在男性及高教育人們較大。
第三章:The Intergenerational Transmission of Education
過去已有許多研究透過不同的估計方法去檢驗教育是否會跨代傳遞,換言之,高 教育父母是否會導致其小孩同樣擁有較高的教育水準。 在這一章,我利用台灣的 雙胞胎與手足的兩代樣本來評估教育的跨代傳遞,發現父母若增加三年的教育年 數將僅使其小孩教育年數增加不超過半年。 此外,我自兩代手足樣本中進一步建 立一個三代樣本,試圖驗證Becker-Tomes模型的預測是否正確。 台灣三代樣本的 結果是過去相關文獻中首度支持該模型的預測,亦即,在其他條件不變下,祖父 母教育水準的提升將導致其孫子女教育年數的減少。
Chapter 1: The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Birth Weight
Returns to birth weight have been a major topic in the field of health economics and become an important policy of national health during the past few years. In this chapter, I take advantage of Taiwanese twins and siblings over the period 1979–1984 to investigate the short-, medium-, and long-term effects of birth weight. My results show a positive causal relationship between an infant’s birth weight and health status, schooling, and labor market outcomes. I also check the robustness of my estimates by comparing the twin fixed-effects estimates across various sub-groups of twins and considering the possibility of nonlinear effects of birth weight.
Chapter 2: An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Education and Health
Do more educated people have better health status? Several studies show that well-educated people tend to have better health in terms of mortality, self-reported health conditions, health-related behaviors, and other measures for physical or mental health. In this chapter, I select the number of days hospitalized per year as the main indicator for health conditions and evaluate the education-health gradient via an instrumental variable method and a within-twin (within-family as well) estimator. The instrumental variable estimation shows mixed results, whereas the fixed-effects approach indicates that the effects of educational attainment are statistically significant on total days hospitalized per year. Moreover, the effects of schooling on health are bigger for both men and better-educated people.
Chapter 3: The Intergenerational Transmission of Education
Whether the intergenerational transmission of schooling exists has become a widely discussed topic via different empirical settings. In this paper, I use Taiwanese same-sex twins and siblings to examine parental schooling effects on their children’s schooling. The empirical findings based on 1951–1960 Taiwanese birth cohorts suggest that &;#65532;three additional years of parents’ education translates into an increase of children’s schooling by at most 0.5 year. Furthermore, I take advantage of a three-generation sample to test the Becker-Tomes model and find a strong evidence of supporting the important prediction of the Becker-Tomes model, that is, negative grandparental schooling effects.
Aaronson, Daniel, “Using Sibling Data to Estimate the Impact of Neighborhoods on Children’s Educational Outcomes,” Journal of Human Resources, 1998, 33 (4), 915–946.
Abowd, John M. and Francis Kramarz, “The Analysis of Labor Markets Using Matched Employer-Employee Data,” in Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, eds., Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 3, Vol. 3, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999, chapter 40, pp. 2629–2710.
Adams, Scott J., “Educational Attainment and Health: Evidence from a Sample of Older Adults,” Education Economics, April 2002, 10 (1), 97–109.
Albouy, Valerie and Laurent Lequien, “Does Compulsory Education Lower Mortality?,” Journal of Health Economics, January 2009, 28 (1), 155–168.
Almond, Douglas, Kenneth Y. Chay, and David S. Lee, “The Costs of Low Birth Weight,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2005, 120 (3), 1031–1083.
Altonji, Joseph G. and Thomas A. Dunn, “Using Siblings to Estimate the Effect of School Quality on Wages,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 1996, 78 (4), 665–671.
Amin, Vikesh, Jere R. Behrman, and Tim D. Spector, “Does More Schooling Improve Health Outcomes and Health Related Behaviors? Evidence from U.K. Twins,” Economics of Education Review, August 2013, 35, 134–148.
_, Petter Lundborg, and Dan-Olof Rooth, “Mothers Do Matter: New Evidence on the Effect of Parents’ Schooling on Children’s Schooling Using Swedish Twin Data,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 5946, 2011.
Angrist, Joshua D. and Alan B. Krueger, “Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991, 106 (4), 979–1014.
_, Guido W. Imbens, and Donald B. Rubin, “Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables,” Journal of American Statistical Association, 1996, 91 (434), 444–455.
Antonovics, Kate L. and Arthur S. Goldberger, “Does Increasing Women’s Schooling Raise the Schooling of the Next Generation? Comment,” American Economic Review, December 2005, 95 (5), 1738–1744.
Arendt, Jacob Nielsen, “Does Education Cause Better Health? A Panel Data Analysis Using School Reforms for Identification,” Economics of Education Review, April 2005, 24 (2), 149–160.
Arkes, Jeremy, “Does Schooling Improve Adult Health?,” Technical Report, RAND 2003.
Ashenfelter, Orley and Alan Krueger, “Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling from a New Sample of Twins,” American Economic Review, 1994, 84 (5), 1157–1173.
_ and Cecilia Rouse, “Income, Schooling, and Ability: Evidence from a New Sample of Identical Twins,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113 (1), 253– 284.
_ and David J. Zimmerman, “Estimates of the Returns to Schooling from Sibling Data: Fathers, Sons, and Brothers,” Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1997, 79 (1), 1–9.
Barker, D. J. P., “Fetal Origins of Coronary Heart Disease,” British Medical Journal, 1995, 311 (6998), 171–174.
Becker, Gary S., A Treatise on the Family, enlarged ed., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.
_, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, 3rd ed., Vol. I, National Bureau of Economic Research Volume, 1993.
_ and Nigel Tomes, “Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families,” Journal of Labor Economics, July 1986, 4 (3 Part 2), S1–S39.
Behrman, Jere R. and Barbara L. Wolfe, “Does More Schooling Make Women Better Nourished and Healthier? Adult Sibling Random and Fixed Effects Estimates for Nicaragua,” Journal of Human Resources, 1989, 24 (4), 644–663.
_ and Mark R. Rosenzweig, ““Ability” Biases in Schooling Returns and Twins: A Test and New Estimates,” Economics of Education Review, 1999, 18 (2), 159– 167.
_ and _, “Does Increasing Women’s Schooling Raise the Schooling of the Next Generation?,” American Economic Review, March 2002, 92 (1), 323–334.
_ and _, “Returns to Birthweight,” Review of Economics and Statistics, May 2004, 86 (2), 586–601.
_ and Paul Taubman, “Intergenerational Transmission of Income and Wealth,” American Economic Review, 1976, 66 (2), 436–440.
_ and _, “Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the United States: Some Estimates and a Test of Becker’s Intergenerational Endowments Model,” Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1985, 67 (1), 144–151.
_ and _, “Is Schooling “Mostly in the Genes”? Nature-Nurture Decomposition Using Data on Relatives,” Journal of Political Economy, January 1989, 97 (6), 1425–1446.
_, Hans-Peter Kohler, Vibeke Myrup Jensen, Dorthe Pedersen, Inge Petersen, Paul Bingley, and Kaare Christensen, “Does More Schooling Reduce Hospitalization and Delay Mortality? New Evidence Based on Danish Twins,” Demography, November 2011, 48 (4), 1347–75.
_, Mark R. Rosenzweig, and Paul Taubman, “Endowments and the Allocation of Schooling in the Family and in the Marriage Market: The Twins Experiment,” Journal of Political Economy, 1994, 102 (6), 1131–1174.
_, _, _ and _, “College Choice and Wages: Estimates Using Data on Female Twins,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 1996, 78 (4), 672–685.
Berger, Mark C. and J. Paul Leigh, “Schooling, Self-Selection, and Health,” Journal of Human Resources, 1989, 24 (3), 433–455.
Bingley, Paul, Kaare Christensen, and Vibeke Myrup Jensen, “Parental Schooling and Child Development: Learning from Twin Parents,” SFI Working Paper No. 07:2009, 2009.
Bj &;#776;orklund, Anders, Mikael Lindahl, and Erik Plug, “Intergenerational Effects in Sweden: What Can We Learn from Adoption Data?,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 1194, 2004.
_, _, _ and _, “The Origins of Intergenerational Associations: Lessons from Swedish Adoption Data,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2006, 121 (3), 999–1028.
Black, Sandra E., Paul J. Devereux, and Kjell G. Salvanes, “Why the Apple Doesn’t Fall Far: Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital,” American Economic Review, 2005, 95 (1), 437–449.
_, _, _ and _, “From the Cradle to the Labor Market? The Effect of Birth Weight on Adult Outcomes,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2007, 122 (1), 409–439.
Bonjour, Dorothe, Lynn F. Cherkas, Jonathan E. Haskel, Denise D. Hawkes, and Tim D. Spector, “Returns to Education: Evidence from U.K. Twins,” American Economic Review, 2003, 93 (5), 1799–1812.
Carneiro, Pedro, Costas Meghir, and Matthias Parey, “Maternal Education, Home Environments and the Development of Children and Adolescents,” Journal of the European Economic Association, 2012, p. Forthcoming.
Case, Anne, Angela Fertig, and Christina Paxson, “The Lasting Impact of Childhood Health and Circumstance,” Journal of Health Economics, March 2005, 24 (2), 365–389.
Chevalier, Arnaud, “Parental Education and Child’s Education: A Natural Experiment,” CEE Discussion Papers No. 40, 2004.
Chou, Shin-Yi, Jin-Tan Liu, Michael Grossman, and Ted Joyce, “Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, January 2010, 2 (1), 33–61.
Clark, Damon and Heather Royer, “The Effect of Education on Adult Mortality and Health: Evidence from Britain,” American Economic Review, October 2013, 103 (6), 2087–2120.
Conley, Dalton, Kate Strully, and Neil G. Bennett, “A Pound of Flesh or Just Proxy? Using Twin Differences to Estimate the Effect of Birth Weight on Life Chances,” NBER Working Papers No. 9901, 2003.
Currie, Janet, “Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise: Socioeconomic Status, Poor Health in Childhood, and Human Capital Development,” Journal of Economic Literature, February 2009, 47 (1), 87–122.
and Enrico Moretti, “Biology as Destiny? Short- and Long-Run Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Birth Weight,” Journal of Labor Economics, April 2007, 25 (2), 231–264.
and Rosemary Hyson, “Is the Impact of Health Shocks Cushioned by Socioeconomic Status? The Case of Low Birthweight,” American Economic Review, 1999, 89 (2), 245–250.
Cutler, David M. and Adriana Lleras-Muney, “Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and Evidence,” NBER Working Papers No. 12352, 2006.
_, Angus S. Deaton, and Adriana Lleras-Muney, “The Determinants of Mortality,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2006, 20 (3), 97–120.
Dardanoni, Valentino, Antonio Forcina, and Salvatore Modica, “Direct Causal Effects in Education Transmission,” 2008.
Datar, Ashlesha, M. Rebecca Kilburn, and David S. Loughran, “Endowments and Prenatal Investments in Infancy and Early Childhood,” Demography, May 2010, 47 (1), 145–162.
Dearden, Lorraine, Stephen Machin, and Howard Reed, “Intergenerational Mobility in Britain,” Economic Journal, 1997, 107 (440), 47–66.
Duncan, Greg J., “Families and Neighbors as Sources of Disadvantage in the Schooling Decisions of White and Black Adolescents,” American Journal of Edu- cation, 1994, 103 (1), 20–53.
Eide, Eric R. and Mark H. Showalter, “Estimating the Relation between Health and Education: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?,” Economics of Education Review, October 2011, 30 (5), 778–791.
Ermisch, John and Marco Francesconi, “Educational Choice, Families, and Young People’s Earnings,” Journal of Human Resources, 2000, 35 (1), 143–176.
Erola, Jani and Pasi Moisio, “Social Mobility over Three Generations in Finland, 1950–2000,” European Sociological Review, December 2006, 23 (2), 169–183.
Farrell, Phillip and Victor R. Fuchs, “Schooling and Health—The Cigarette Connection,” Journal of Health Economics, 1982, 1 (3), 217–230.
Fessler, Pirmin and Alyssa Schneebaum, “Gender and Educational Attainment across Generations in Austria,” Feminist Economics, 2012, 18 (1), 161–188.
Fletcher, Jason M., “The Medium Term Schooling and Health Effects of Low Birth Weight: Evidence from Siblings,” Economics of Education Review, 2011, 30 (3), 517–527.
Fuchs, Victor R., “Time Preference and Health: An Exploratory Study,” in Victor R. Fuchs, ed., Economic Aspects of Health, Vol. I, University of Chicago Press, 1982, chapter 3, pp. 93–120.
Fujiwara, Takeo and Ichiro Kawachi, “Is Education Causally Related to Bet- ter Health? A Twin Fixed-Effect Study in the USA,” International Journal of Epidemiology, October 2009, 38 (5), 1310–1322.
Glied, Sherry and Adriana Lleras-Muney, “Health Inequality, Education and Medical Innovation,” NBER Working Papers #9738, 2003.
Goddeeris, John H., Saroj Saigal, Michael H. Boyle, Nigel Paneth, David L. Streiner, and Barbara Stoskopf, “Economic Outcomes in Young Adulthood for Extremely Low Birth Weight Survivors,” Pediatrics, November 2010, 126 (5), 1102–1108.
Goyder, John C. and James E. Curtis, “Occupational Mobility in Canada over Four Generations,” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 1977, 14 (3), 303–319.
Grossman, Michael, “On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health,” Journal of Political Economy, 1972, 80 (2), 223–255.
_, “Education and Nonmarket Outcomes,” in Eric A. Hanushek and Finis Welch, eds., Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 1, 1st ed., Vol. 1, Ams- terdam: Elsevier B.V., 2006, chapter 10, pp. 577–633.
_, “The Relationship between Health and Schooling,” Eastern Economic Journal, January 2008, 34 (3), 281–292.
Groves, Melissa Osborne, “Personality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Status,” in Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis, and Melissa Osborne Groves, eds., Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005, chapter 7, pp. 208–231.
Havemen, Robert and Barbara Wolfe, “The Determinants of Children’s Attainments: A Review of Findings and Methods,” Journal of Economic Literature, 1995, 33 (4), 1829–1878.
Hertz, Tom, Tamara Jayasundera, Patrizio Piraino, Sibel Selcuk, Nicole Smith, and Alina Verashchagina, “The Inheritance of Educational Inequality: International Comparisons and Fifty-Year Trends,” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis &; Policy, January 2008, 7 (2), Article 10.
Holmlund, Helena, Mikael Lindahl, and Erik Plug, “The Causal Effect of Parents’ Schooling on Children’s Schooling: A Comparison of Estimation Methods,” Journal of Economic Literature, September 2011, 49 (3), 615–651.
Jaeger, Mads Meier, “The Extended Family and Children’s Educational Success,” American Sociological Review, October 2012, 77 (6), 903–922.
Lee, David S. and Thomas Lemieux, “Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics,” Journal of Economic Literature, 2010, 48 (2), 281–355.
Lillard, Dean R. and Eamon Molloy, “Live and Learn or Learn and Live: Does Education Lead to Longer Lives?,” 2010.
Lin, Ming-Jen and Jin-Tan Liu, “Do Lower Birth Weight Babies Have Lower Grades? Twin Fixed Effect and Instrumental Variable Method Evidence from Taiwan,” Social Science &; Medicine, May 2009, 68 (10), 1780–1787.
_, _, _ and Shin-Yi Chou, “As Low Birth Weight Babies Grow, Can Well- Educated Parents Buffer This Adverse Factor? A Research Note,” Demography, May 2007, 44 (2), 335–343.
Lindahl, Mikael, M &;#778;arten Palme, Sofia Sandgren Massih, and Anna Sj &;#776;ogren, “Long-Term Intergenerational Persistence of Human Capital: An Empirical Analysis of Four Generations,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 6463, 2012.
_, _, _, _ and _, “A Test of the Becker-Tomes Model of Human Tapital Trans- mission Using Microdata on Four Generations,” Research Papers in Economics 2013:2, 2013.
Lleras-Muney, Adriana, “The Relationship between Education and Adult Mortality in the United States,” Review of Economic Studies, 2005, 72 (1), 189–221.
Lochner, Lance, “Non-Production Benefits of Education: Crime, Health, and Good Citizenship,” NBER Working Papers No. 16722, 2011.
Loehlin, John C., “Resemblance in Personality and Attitudes between Parents and Their Children: Genetic and Environmental Contributions,” in Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis, and Melissa Osborne Groves, eds., Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005, chapter 6, pp. 192–207.
Long, Jason and Joseph P. Ferrie, “Grandfathers Matter(ed): Occupational Mobility across Three Generations in the U.S. and Britain, 1850–1910,” 2012.
Lucas, Robert E. B. and Sari Pekkala Kerr, “Intergenerational Income Immobility in Finland: Contrasting Roles for Parental Earnings and Family Income,” Journal of Population Economics, October 2012, 26 (3), 1057–1094.
Lundborg, Petter, “The Health Returns to Education: What Can We Learn from Twins?,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 3399, 2008.
_, “The Health Returns to Schooling—What Can We Learn from Twins?,” Journal of Population Economics, July 2012, 26 (2), 673–701.
_, Anton Nilsson, and Dan olof Rooth, “Parental Education and Offspring Outcomes: Evidence from the Swedish Compulsory School Reform,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2014, 6 (1), 253–278.
Maume, David J., A. Silvia Cancio, and T. David Evans, “Cognitive Skills and Racial Wage Inequality: Reply to Farkas and Vicknair,” American Sociological Review, 1996, 61 (4), 561–564.
Maurin, Eric and Sandra McNally, “Vive la R &;#769;evolution! Long-Term Educational Returns of 1968 to the Angry Students,” Journal of Labor Economics, January 2008, 26 (1), 1–33.
Mazumder, Bhashkar, “Does Education Improve Health? A Reexamination of the Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws,” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Economic Perspectives, 2008, 32 (2), 2–16.
Melosh, Barbara, Strangers and Kin: The American Way of Adoption, Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Miller, Paul, Charles Mulvey, and Nick Martin, “What Do Twins Studies Reveal About the Economic Returns to Education? A Comparison of Australian and U.S. Findings,” American Economic Review, 1995, 85 (3), 586–599.
_, _, _ and _, “Family Characteristics and the Returns to Schooling: Evidence on Gender Differences from a Sample of Australian Twins,” Economica, 1997, 64 (253), 119–136.
Murnane, Richard J. and John B. Willett, Methods Matter: Improving Causal Inference in Educational and Social Science Research, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Neumark, David and Sanders Korenman, “Sources of Bias in Women’s Wage Equations Results Using Sibling Data,” Journal of Human Resources, 1994, 29 (2), 379–405.
Oreopoulos, Philip, Marianne E. Page, and Ann Huff Stevens, “The Intergenerational Effects of Compulsory Schooling,” Journal of Labor Economics, October 2006, 24 (4), 729–760.
_, Mark Stabile, Walld Randy, and Leslie L. Roos, “Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Consequences of Poor Infant Health: An Analysis Using Siblings and Twins,” Journal of Human Resources, 2008, 43 (1), 88–138.
O &;#776;rjan, Sandewall, David Cesarini, and Magnus Johannesson, “The Co- Twin Methodology and Returns to Schooling: Testing a Critical Assumption,” IFN Working Paper No. 806, 2009.
Plug, Erik, “Estimating the Effect of Mother’s Schooling on Children’s Schooling Using a Sample of Adoptees,” American Economic Review, March 2004, 94 (1), 358–368.
_ and Wim Vijverberg, “Does Family Income Matter for Schooling Outcomes? Using Adoptees as a Natural Experiment,” The Economic Journal, October 2005, 115 (506), 879–906.
Pronzato, Chiara, “An Examination of Paternal and Maternal Intergenerational Transmission of Schooling,” Journal of Population Economics, March 2012, 25 (2), 591–608.
Hageland, Torbjo, Lars Johannessen Kirkeboen, Oddbjorn Raaum, and Kjell G. Salvanes, “Why Children of College Graduates Outperform Their Schoolmates: A Study of Cousins and Adoptees,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 5369, 2010.
Royer, Heather, “Separated at Girth: US Twin Estimates of the Effects of Birth Weight,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, January 2009, 1 (1), 49–85.
Sacerdote, Bruce, “The Nature and Nurture of Economic Outcomes,” NBER Working Papers No. 7949, 2000.
_, “The Nature and Nurture of Economic Outcomes,” American Economic Review, May 2002, 92 (2), 344–348.
_, “How Large Are the Effects from Changes in Family Environment? A Study of Korean American Adoptees,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 2007, 122 (1), 119–157.
Sauder, Ulrich, “Education Transmission across Three Generations: New Evidence from NCDS Data,” 2006.
Smith, James P., “Assimilation across the Latino Generations,” American Economic Review, 2003, 93 (2), 315–319.
Solon, Gary, “Theoretical Models of Inequality Transmission across Multiple Generations,” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, October 2013, p. Forth- coming.
Spasojevi &;#769;c, Jasmina, “Effects of Education on Adult Health in Sweden: Results from a Natural Experiment,” in Daniel Slottje and Rusty Tchernis, eds., Current Issues in Health Economics (Contributions to Economic Analysis, Volume 290), Vol. 290, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010, chapter 9, pp. 179–199.
Tsai, Wehn-Jyuan, Jin-Tan Liu, Shin-Yi Chou, and Michael Grossman, “Intergenerational Transfer of Human Capital: Results from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan,” NBER Working Papers No. 16876, 2011.
Tsou, Meng-Wen, Jin-Tan Liu, and James K. Hammitt, “The Intergenerational Transmission of Education: Evidence from Taiwanese Adoptions,” Economics Letters, April 2012, 115 (1), 134–136.
Wagstaff, Adam, “The Demand for Health—Some New Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Health Economics, 1986, 5 (3), 195–233.
Wahl, Jenny Bourne, “Trading Quantity for Quality Explaining the Decline in American Fertility in the Nineteenth Century,” in Claudia Goldin and Hugh Rock- off, eds., Strategic Factors in Nineteenth Century American Economic History: A Volume to Honor Robert W. Fogel, number January, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, chapter 13, pp. 375–397.
Warren, John Robert and Robert M. Hauser, “Social Stratification across Three Generations: New Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study,” American Sociological Review, 1997, 62 (4), 561–572.
Webbink, Dinand, Nicholas G. Martin, and Peter M. Visscher, “Does Education Reduce the Probability of Being Overweight?,” Journal of Health Eco- nomics, January 2010, 29 (1), 29–38.
Zeng, Zhen and Yu Xie, “The Effects of Grandparents on Children’s Schooling: Evidence from Rural China,” 2011.
Zhang, Jun, Ruth A. Brenner, and Mark A. Klebanoff, “Differences in Birth Weight and Blood Pressure at Age 7 Years among Twins,” American Journal of Epidemiology, April 2001, 153 (8), 779–782.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top