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題名:輕艇選手專項運動表現評估及訓練期間增補牛初乳的效應
作者:李婷婷
作者(外文):Ting-Ting Lee
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:競技與教練科學研究所
指導教授:李再立
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:臨界速度改良式溫蓋特無氧動力測試疲勞指數獨木舟水上運動西式划船輕艇測功儀白血球次群B細胞kayakwater sportrowingcritical velocitymodified Wingate testfatigue indexcanoe/kayak ergometrywhite blood cell subsetB cell
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輕艇選手專項運動表現評估及訓練期間增補牛初乳的效應
摘要
輕艇激流標杆在運動場地受限時,經常使用輕艇靜水標杆做為替代性的訓練或評估選手的方式,本論文之第三章探討輕艇激流標杆及輕艇靜水標杆之運動表現和激流/靜水成績變化百分比之關聯性,以及兩種輕艇標杆賽乳酸反應的差異。研究結果發現,輕艇靜水標杆與激流標杆之比賽成績呈現顯著相關,激流/靜水成績的變異係數和激流成績呈現顯著正相關,靜水標杆比賽的速度顯著快於激流標杆比賽的速度,惟兩種輕艇標杆賽之運動中最大心跳率及運動前、後血乳酸濃度皆無顯著差異。此研究結果推論激流成績較佳者,其於兩種標杆賽之成績表現的穩定性也較好;靜水標杆和激流標杆比賽過程中,選手的乳酸反應及相對運動強度類似。
輕艇測功儀經常被作為在陸上評估輕艇選手運動表現及生理數值的工具之一,本論文之第四章研究之目的為使用輕艇測功儀搭配臨界速度及改良式溫蓋特無氧動力測試建立輕艇靜水競速及靜水標杆項目運動表現之預測模式。研究結果發現預測輕艇靜水競速1000公尺、200公尺分別可使用臨界速度及溫蓋特無氧動力測試;輕艇靜水標桿之K艇選手運動表現以輕艇測功儀的200公尺距離測試,C艇選手則以溫蓋特無氧動力測試中的疲勞指數可建立最佳預測模式。
近年來牛初乳補充已經被許多運動競技選手視為運動營養補充品,應用於提升免疫功能或運動表現,促進肌肉恢復、增進無氧運動功能及抵抗老化。本論文之第五章目的旨在探討在為期4週的輕艇訓練期間增補牛初乳是否會影響輕艇選手的運動表現、免疫功能及氧化壓力。研究結果發現受試者在4週的專項訓練後,運動表現、體重及體脂肪百分比於兩組之間無顯著差異;白血球數量、嗜中性白血球數量在運動後3小時增補牛初乳組顯著高於安慰劑組、淋巴細胞數量則是運動後3小時低於安慰劑組。淋巴細胞次群 (CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD56+) 及CD4/CD8比值均無組間差異。唾液IgA濃度及分泌量及血漿中脂質過氧化傷害及抗氧化酵素指標皆無顯著變化。本研究的結論為在為期4週的輕艇訓練期間,每日增補20克牛初乳對輕艇運動過後恢復期間白血球、嗜中性球及淋巴細胞的數量上造成改變,但不會對輕艇運動表現、身體組成、黏膜免疫及氧化壓力造成影響。
關鍵詞:臨界速度、改良式溫蓋特無氧動力測試、疲勞指數、獨木舟、水上運動、西式划船、輕艇測功儀、白血球次群、B細胞
Evaluation of Sport Specific Performance and the Effects of Bovine Colostrums Supplementation During Training Period in Canoe/Kayak Athletes
Abstract
Flat water slalom has been regarded as the foundation of white water slalom in terms of skill training program. The aims of chapter three in this thesis were to investigate the associations among performances of white water slalom, flat water slalom, and the coefficient of variation ratio of white water/flat water slalom performance. The results found that significant correlations were found between the performances of WS and FS and between WS performance and the coefficients of variation in WS/FS. The main findings of chapter three suggested that the better performance in WS appeared to have better stabilities in both WS and FS and the both types of slalom race.
Canoe/kayak ergometry is an imitative instrument used in the indoor/land training or the physical assessment in canoe/kayak athletes. The aim of chapter four was to develop a model to predict the performances of open-water sprint kayaking obstacle slalom by canoe/kayak ergometry. The main findings of chapter four suggest that the CV, the modified-Wingate test, and the ergometry 200-m test appear to be the better indicators of predicting performances of the 1000-m open-water kayaking, 200-m open-water kayaking, and obstacle slalom in kayak athletes respectively. Whereas, the FI appears to be the better indicator of predicting obstacle slalom performance in canoe athletes.
Many studies have examined how and why the nutritional interventions prevent athletes from exercise-induced immunodepression, and oxidative stress. The aims of the chapter five are to investigate the effect of BC supplementation on performance, immune function, and oxidative stress during training period in canoe/kayak athletes. The results shown that 4 weeks bovine colostrums supplementation did not significantly improve exercise performance and affect mucosal immunity and oxidative stress, except for altering the counts of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils at recovery phase.
Key words: kayak, water sport, rowing, critical velocity, modified Wingate test, fatigue index, canoe/kayak ergometry, white blood cell subset, B cell.
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