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題名:英文與中文電子郵件之邀請策略—跨文化言語行為研究
作者:王大味 引用關係
作者(外文):David John Treanor
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:英語學系
指導教授:王萸芳
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:電子郵件與電腦媒介溝通(CMC)、邀請言語行為跨文化語用學寫作策略email and computer-mediated communication (CMC)speech actscross-cultural pragmaticswriting strategies
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本研究檢視兩百名研究對象之寫作策略:說英語人士及說中文人士各一百名,男女各半,比較其因處於不同的社會情境,以電子郵件寄發邀請函時,所使用的言語行為特徵。研究對象首先以其母語分成英語使用者及中文使用者兩組,再依其性別分組。主要探討研究對象在一些情境下的變項,如:研究對象的母語、性別,以及收信人社會地位,以考察其言語行為實現模式的可能變異性。本研究法以語篇補全測驗為工具,研究對象針對收信對象不同性別及 社會地位寄發非正式的社交邀請, 以探究英文組和中文組. 兩組間或 組別內是否有明顯的差異。 參與者的兩個研究問 題 相 比, 跨L1組言語行為的實現模 式 看看顯著差異是否存在他們的 選擇對12因變量 項目的頻率之間。 第二 個 問題 也涉及跨 L1組12中比較依賴變量;然而,它看著受助人的身份作為獨立變量,看寫不同的社會地位時,收件人是否存在兩組之間的任何變化。接下來的兩個研究問題涉及內部-L1組比較。 問題三涉及看著接受者的地位作為一個獨立的 變量來確定寫入不同的 社會地位時, 收 件人是否存在的每個L1內變化。第四個和最後一個問題,在看了筆者對 SAR 模 式 性 別 的影響,並比較各組L1參與者的郵件根據筆者無論是女性還是男性。所採用的統計方法包括卡方檢定、連續數據的T檢定及變異數分析。目的是藉此加以判定研究對象於電子書信邀請函中是否受其母語的文化、性別,以及收信人社會地位影響而有顯著的差異。整體而言,本研究顯示,研究對象無論是介於兩組間或在組別內,於郵件中所表現的言語行為實現模式各有不同,且有明顯差異。本研究結果支持前人的相關研究,即語言的差異性存在於不同文化與語言背景的社會群體中。此研究結論有助於證實社會變項在不同環境,性別及社會地位上對言語行為實現模式的影響。
關鍵字:電子郵件與電腦媒介溝通(CMC)、邀請言語行為、跨文化語用學、寫作策略
The present study examined writing strategies of 200 participants in order to compare certain features of their speech act realization patterns when making computer-mediated communication (CMC) invitations by email to people in different social contexts. The participants were initially grouped according to their native language (L1) as either speakers of English or speakers of Mandarin Chinese, and later in terms of their gender. The study investigated four research questions that aimed to explore possible variation in the participants’ speech act realization patterns due to certain contextual socio-linguistic variables, related to the participants’ native language and gender, as well as the relative status of the email recipients. Two research questions compared inter-L1 group speech act realization (SAR) patterns of the participants to see whether significant differences existed between the frequencies of their choices of items for twelve dependent variables. The second question also involved inter-L1 group comparisons of the twelve dependent variables; however it looked at recipients’ status as an independent variable to see whether any variation existed between the two groups when writing to recipients of different social status. The next two research questions involved intra-L1 group comparisons. Question three involved looking at recipients’ status as an independent variable to determine whether variation existed within each L1 when writing to recipients of different social status. The fourth and final question looked at the effect of the writer’s gender on SAR patterns, and compared each L1 groups participant’s emails according to whether the writer was female or male.
The methodology of the study involved initially devising coding systems reflecting twelve dependent variables to identify and categorize particular features of the participants' emails. A written discourse completion task (DCT) was administered to the participants, which prompted them to write emails to recipients of differing gender and relative social status in order to invite them to a casual social gathering. The main focus of the study was to compare frequencies of the dependent variables to determine whether there were any significant differences between the participants when performing this particular speech act by email. Overall, the study found that there were differences in the participants’ email speech act realization patterns and variation was evident in relation to each of the four research questions, both between and within the two groups. This is consistent with past research that has generally concluded that linguistic differences exist between groups from different sociology cultural and linguistic backgrounds and helps to affirm the influence of the social variables gender and status on speech act realization patterns in different contexts. However, some results of the present study were different from those of other researchers and previous authors, and thusly has proffered forth some interesting conclusions regarding language variation both within and between the groups in the study.
Key Words: email and computer-mediated communication (CMC), speech acts, cross-cultural pragmatics, writing strategies.
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