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題名:從英美食品治理經驗建構我國食品詐騙之防制策略
作者:謝青宏
作者(外文):Hsieh, Ching Hung
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:公共行政學系
指導教授:蕭武桐
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:食品詐騙經濟誘使攙偽情境犯罪預防政策工具食品倫理回溯消費者公民教育food fraudeconomically motivated adulterationsituational crime preventionpolicy instrumentfood ethical traceabilityconsumer citizenship education
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食品詐騙(food fraud)及經濟誘使攙偽(economically motivated adulteration, EMA)事件對民生影響甚鉅,英美已針對該等現象展開調查與行動,例如:英國「愛略特評論」(Elliott Review)以及美國「食品詐騙資料庫」與「EMA事件資料庫」等;至於歐洲刑警(Europol)及國際刑警(Interpol)也不遺餘力,自2011年起,便開始結合跨國力量以執行「食品監控」(Operation Opson)任務。
為了正確診斷我國食品詐騙事件之問題根源,本文在資料蒐集的部分,主要係以2006年至2015年間的新聞報導(包含聯合報、中國時報、自由時報及蘋果日報)作為觀察對象;一方面透過「時、事、人、地、物」等編碼程序以系統性梳理我國食品詐騙事件之樣態,另一方面則盼能融合英美食品治理經驗以針對我國食品詐騙問題設計防制策略。
本文研究分析結果顯示:我國在食品詐騙事件之樣態可被區分為「添加」(addition)、「標示不實」(mislabeling)、「取代」(replacement)、「混充」(mixing)、「移除」(removal) 及「稀釋」(dilution)共六大類,其中以「添加」類的239件(53%)居冠;在遭受詐騙之食品類別部分,則以「蔬菜及水果類」(116件;25%)、「穀類、塊根、塊莖等可供主食作物及加工品」(84件;18%)、「調味品」(43件;9%)及「飲料類」(37件;8%)較為嚴重;在製造地點的空間分布方面,前六名恰好為我國六大直轄市,包括:新北市(50件)、臺北市(31件)、臺中市(27件)、高雄市(27件)、臺南市(27件)、桃園市(24件),所占比例合計(67%)已超過一半;在食品詐騙樣態與食品類別的交叉分析部分,「標示不實」的情形幾乎涉及所有的食品類別;至於在查獲者或發現者的比例部分,主要仍以地方食品相關單位居首(245件;54%),其次則以檢調單位的表現較佳(45件;10%),而中央食品相關單位及跨單位稽查的部分,則各約占8%左右。
最後,本文研究建議認為,我國食品詐騙之防制策略應從食品治理的三大樑柱著手:第一,政府應設計政策工具以創建食品民主之消費決策空間;第二,食品業者應透過食品倫理回溯以促進食品資訊之流動與溝通;第三,民眾應透過消費者公民教育以強化食品素養之辨識能力。
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