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題名:上下階梯的摩擦需求與膝關節受力分析
作者:黃斯胤
作者(外文):HUANG,SZU-YIN
校院名稱:中華大學
系所名稱:科技管理博士學位學程
指導教授:李開偉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:滑倒跌倒階梯步態摩擦需求Slip and FallStair ClimbingGaitRequire Coefficient of Friction
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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上、下樓梯是日常生活中常有的活動,滑、跌倒的事故不僅發生在平地行走,
也常發生於上、下樓梯時。上、下樓梯時發生滑、跌倒造成的危害更是高於平地
行走時。本研究透過實驗方式,探討四種地板材質、上、下登階型態、登階數與
不同性別受測者在行走樓梯時,對於摩擦需求、膝關節受力與膝關節力矩之變化
來分析走樓梯時之生物力學行為。研究結果顯示,踩踏二階梯時所需的摩擦需求
顯著的大於踩踏一階時的摩擦需求;下階梯時所需的摩擦需求大於上階梯時的摩
擦需求;膝關節受力結果顯示,在下階梯時膝關節的受力大於上階梯時的膝關節
受力。因此,行走於階梯時應行走一階梯,且在下階梯時應該更要注意滑倒的風
險。在上下階梯時的地面垂直反作用力方面,本研究發現,下階梯時的地面垂直
反作用力會隨著步態週期而有所不同,著地期的地面垂直反作用力大於離地期的
地面垂直反作用力;在上階梯時則是離地期的地面垂直反作用力大於著地期之地
面垂直反作用力。行走於階梯時亦應注意腳步變化所帶來的滑、跌倒風險,特別
是在下階梯的時候。
Stair climbing is common in our daily life. Slip and fall are common while
walking on level surfaces and stairways. The severity of slipping / falling on stairways
is much higher than those on level surfaces. The study performed an experiment
under different floor materials, types of climbing and number of stairways to
investigate of the require friction, knee joint forces and moments in order to analysis
the gait patterns. The results demonstrate that the friction demands of stepping on
two stairs at the one time are larger than those of climbing one stair at a time. The
require friction of descending is higher than the one of ascending. The required knee
joint forces are also larger while descending. Therefore, while walking down stairs,
walkers should take one stairway at a time and pay more attention to the risk of
slipping/falling. In addition, the results showed that vertical ground reaction force
(GRF) while descending changes with the gait phases. The vertical GRF at heel on
ground phase is higher than those at toes off ground phase for stair descent, on the
other hand, the toes’ vertical GRF is larger than the heel’s one for stair ascent.
Walkers should be aware the risks brought by gait phase changes at stair climbing,
especially during stair descending.
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