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題名:企業海外市場進入模式選擇之研究 -以投資越南製造業為例
作者:楊國徽
作者(外文):Kuo-Hui Yang
校院名稱:國立嘉義大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:侯嘉政
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:進入模式折衷理論制度環境新南向政策Entry ModeCompromise TheoryInstitutional EnvironmentNew Southbound Policy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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企業進入海外市場,首先面臨的就是進入模式選擇的問題,亞洲各國在海外投資布局及我國政府力推新南向政策,越南已成為重要投資地主國的選擇;而台灣製造業如何選擇投資策略的考量因素,進而選擇最佳的市場進入方式,以獲得市場先佔優勢,為本研究重心。
本研究主要以Dunning(1980)的折衷理論三大構面(所有權優勢、內部化優勢、區位優勢)及選擇進入模式做為研究架構,來探討台灣企業在進入越南市場時,如何決定其進入的模式選擇,以及我國政府的新南向政策是否對企業進入模式選擇會產生干擾影響。採用問卷調查的方式進行研究,以選擇投資越南製造業的台商做為研究問卷發放之對象,回收有效樣本152 家進行統計分析。
經由實證研究結果發現,以Dunning的OLI理論來檢測進入模式決策因素對進入模式類型的影響性,實證發現對企業在選擇進入模式時皆有顯著的影響。越南台商在選擇進入越南市場的策略時,大部分以獨資模式的進入方式為主。顯示企業國際化經驗愈豐富,企業愈傾向以獨資的方式進入海外市場。而進入策略的重要考量因素為當地的區位優勢,如廣大的內銷市場與廉價的勞工成本等。
研究結果也發現,地主國的政治穩定性、外資政策、政府部門行政效率和清廉程度等制度環境,對台商投資有極顯著影響,被認為是影響台商投資的重要因素。此外,我國政府新南向政策對台商進入模式選擇有顯著影響,顯示企業在進入越南市場時對母國政府新南向政策的考量,會影響到對進入模式選擇的影響;代表母國政府新南向政策在經貿合作、人才交流、資源共享與區域鏈結四大面向政策的愈完善落實,對越南市場的進入模式選擇有顯著影響。
The first decision when enterprises enter oversea markets is the selection of entry mode. Vietnam has become a major host country of investment because of the layout of oversea investment for Asian countries and the promotion of “New Southbound policy” of R.O.C. Hence, in order to gain preemptive advantages, the investment strategy and entry mode of Taiwanese manufacturing industries are the center of gravity of this research.
The study is mainly based on Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning (ownership, internalization and location) and selection of entry mode in order to discuss the selection of entry mode and the impact of “New Southbound policy” when Taiwan manufacturing industries entered Vietnam market. The samples of survey are Taiwanese manufacturing industries which selected Vietnam as host country of investment. 152 valid samples were collected for statistical analysis.
Tested by OLI theory of Dunning, the decision-making factors of entry mode has significant impact on type of entry mode through empirical analysis. Taiwanese manufacturing enterprises which invested in Vietnam prefer sole proprietorship. It indicates that the more experience of internationalism enterprises earned, the more possibility for enterprises to enter oversea market by sole proprietorship. Also, the major consideration of strategy of entry mode is advantages of location such as vast domestic market and low labor cost.
The stability of host nation, policy of international investment, efficiency and transparency of government are four major factors and have significant impact on Taiwanese manufacturing enterprise when entering international market. Besides, the “New Southbound Policy” has significant impact on Taiwanese manufacturing enterprise and its entry mode selection. It also indicates that the better integration and implementation of economic cooperation, talents exchange, resources sharing and linkage of region of “New Southbound Policy” by R.OC., the more significant impact on the selection of entry mode especially for Vietnam.
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