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題名：台灣醫療服務產業效率之研究-逆資料包絡法的應用
作者：王瑞祥
作者(外文)：WANG, JUI-HSIANG
校院名稱：長榮大學
系所名稱：經營管理研究所
指導教授：劉春初
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2017
主題關鍵詞：資料包絡分析法；逆資料包絡分析法；麥氏生產力指數；偏鄉醫療資源；data envelopment analysis；inverse data envelopment analysis；Malmquist productivity index；rural and remote medicine resources
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台灣自有全民健康保險以來，醫療資源城鄉分布不均的情況日趨惡化。尤其偏遠地區醫療保健專業人員的短缺更是嚴重的問題。過去已有若干的文獻使用資料包絡分析法來評估台灣醫院的醫療服務產出效率，但少有文獻使用麥氏生產力指數來分析台灣整體的醫療服務跨期間的生產力以及在產業層面的變化。目前仍尚無文獻以逆資料包絡分析法進行研究預測。
本研究測量在衛生政策和資源配置影響下，台灣地區各縣市醫療服務產業的產出效率，尤其在偏鄉、山地、離島跟農村地區等。預測出各縣市合理的醫師數、醫事人員數與病床數的分配，更進而能夠預估在偏鄉的缺額數。研究結果發現以麥氏指數分析台灣在2007至2016年，10年間的變化可以發現，追趕指數為每年上升0.2%，效率邊界移動指數為每年降低1.2%，總計台灣這10年的全因素生產力仍是每年下降1%。另外，經由逆資料包絡分析法的實證結果，更能比傳統的資料包絡分析法分辨出都會區的醫療過剩與偏鄉的醫療資源缺乏數。藉此，可供政策上作一精準的資源預測配置，來扭轉偏鄉的醫療資源缺乏，並減緩都會區醫療資源浪費的情況。
Since Taiwan has its own National Health Insurance, the uneven distribution of medical resources in urban and rural areas has gotten worse. In particular, the shortage of healthcare professionals in rural and remote areas is a serious problem. In the past, there have been articles that use data envelopment analysis methods to assess the efficiency of healthcare services output in Taiwan's hospitals. However, there is little literature applying Malmquist productivity index to analyze the productivity changes over periods of time and at the industrial level of healthcare services in Taiwan. At present, there is still no literature using reverse data envelopment analysis to study and forecast Taiwan's healthcare services.
This study measures the output efficiency of medical service industries in counties and cities in Taiwan, especially in rural areas, mountainous areas, outlying islands and remote areas under the influence of health policies and resource allocation. It estimates the distribution of reasonable numbers of physicians, medical staffs and hospital beds in all counties and cities and predicts the number of vacancies in rural and remote areas. This study shows that the catch-up index increases by 0.2% per year and the frontier-shift index decreases by 1.2% per year resulting in that the total factor productivity decreases by 1% per year in Taiwan for the past decade, 2007 to 2016. By applying the method of the inverse data envelopment analysis, it can resolve the medical resources excess in the metropolitan area and the lack of medical resources in the rural and remote areas more than the method of data envelopment analysis can do. In this way, a precise resource allocation can be made for policies to reverse the shortage of medical resources in rural and remote areas and to reduce the waste of medical resources in the metropolitan area.
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