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題名:急性壓力對執行功能之影響:心肺適能之調節角色
作者:祝堅恆
作者(外文):CHU, CHIEN-HENG
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:競技與教練科學研究所
指導教授:張育愷
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:急性壓力皮質醇執行功能心肺適能P3bacute stresscortisolexecutive functioncardiorespiratory fitnessP3b
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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過去研究指出急性壓力與心肺適能對執行功能分別產生負面與正面之影響。然而,針對心肺適能是否能調節急性壓力對執行功能影響等相關議題,目前仍少有探討。 故此,本研究目的旨在探討急性壓力下,對不同心肺適能的年輕男性,對任務轉換相關執行功能之行為與神經電生理活化之影響。本研究招募64位符合條件之健康年輕男性(平均年齡 = 22.11 ± 3.30 歲),依據心肺適能高低分為高心肺適能(n =32)與低心肺適能(n =32)組。所有實驗參與者以對抗平衡次序方式經歷急性壓力與非壓力控制情境,並在其後使用作業轉換典範進行轉換表現測量,進行認知行為與事件關聯電位的資料收集。在急性壓力情境與非壓力控制情境實施前與立即後,收集參與者之壓力反應相關指標。作業轉換典範行為指標包含反應時間、正確率、全面性轉換成本與局部性轉換成本。在事件關聯電位方面,以P3b成分波為主要參數。本研究結果顯示,雖然急性壓力誘發參與者之壓力反應,然而對不同心肺適能者之認知功能卻有不一致之影響。具體而言,急性壓力縮短高心肺適能者異質回合中之反應時間,以及降低全面性轉換成本與局部性轉換成本,但對低心肺適能者增加異質回合中轉換試做之反應時間。事件關聯電位部分,相較於非壓力控制情境,急性壓力增加高心肺適能者在異質回合中之P3b振幅,但降低低心肺適能者之P3b振幅。此些結果顯示,在急性壓力後,高心肺適能者有較佳之工作記憶與執行控制歷程之效率,並有較多之注意力資源。然而低心肺適能者在壓力後,可投入之注意力資源降低。本研究擴展過去心肺適能與執行功能相關之研究,指出心肺適能在一般非壓力情況下,對年輕男性作業轉換表現之影響較小;然在急性壓力後,心肺適能對作業轉換有關之執行功能,有顯著之影響。
Prior research has indicated that, while acute stress negatively affects the executive function, the cardiorespiratory fitness has been associated with the beneficial effects on the executive function. Nevertheless, whether the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness could moderate the adverse influence of acute stress on the executive function is less well examined. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the acute stress on the behavioral performances and neuroelectrical activation, in relation to the shifting aspect of the executive function, in young male adults with different cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
Healthy young male adults (mean age = 22.11 ± 3.30 year) were recruited, and assigned to either the High-Fitness group (HF, n =32) or the Low-Fitness (LF, n =32) group according to their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) values.
Participants underwent two kinds of Acute Stress Intervention (i.e., the Acute-Stress treatment and the Non-Stress Control treatment) during two separate, counter-balance sessions. Subsequently, the shifting aspect of the executive function was assessed by the Task-Switching paradigm, with simultaneous collecting the behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data. Additionally, the stress responses indices were measured prior to and immediately following the Acute Stress Intervention. The reaction time (RT) and the response accuracy of the task conditions (i.e., the homogeneous and the heterogeneous conditions), and the global and local switching costs were recorded and calculated as behavioral indices; the P3b amplitude from the ERP were selected as neuroelectric correlates.
The results revealed that the acute stress induced stress responses across both groups. Notably, the acute stress facilitated the performance of the HF group, with the faster reaction times in the heterogeneous blocks and decreased global and local switch cost. On the other hand, the acute stress impaired the performance of the LF group, with prolonged reaction time in the switching trials within the heterogeneous blocks. Regarding the ERP, compared to the Non-Stress Control treatment, HF and LF groups showed larger P3b amplitude in the heterogeneous blocks and smaller P3b amplitudes in the switching trials of the heterogeneous blocks, respectively, after the acute stress.
Taken together, while the influence of the cardiorespiratory fitness levels on the executive function might be limited during the non-stressful environment, the current findings suggested that high cardiorespiratory fitness level was associated with better working memory, inhibition and metal flexibility, as well as larger attentional resource allocation after the acute stress. These findings extended the current knowledge regrading to the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on the cognitive function, and indicated the potential moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness on the task switching aspect of executive function in young male adults after the acute stress.
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