參考文獻
王冠懿、鄭守夏.(2006) 民眾就醫層級與醫療利用分析:SARS 疫情前後的觀 察。臺灣公共衛生雜誌 25(1) : 75-82.
王嬿晴. (2008) 以醫療服務利用檢視移民勞工之健康不平等。長榮大學醫務管 理學研究所學位論文, 1-142.
石曜堂、葉金川、楊漢湶、羅紀琼、張明正、吳正儀. (1994) 台灣地區國民自 付醫療費用調查: 1992 年國民醫療保健支出調查之初步發現。中華公共
衛生雜誌 13(6) : 473-484.
白淑芬.(2001) 探討癌症病患就醫自付費用、負擔程度及期影響因素。中國醫
藥學院醫務管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。
行政院衛生署.(2010) 國民醫療保健支出報告。台北，行政院衛生署。 江君毅、陳欽賢、劉彩卿. (2002) 民眾就醫與醫療院所層級:Nested Logit 模型
下之探討。台灣經濟學會 2002 年年會。
江東亮. (2015) 公共衛生與健康不平等: 三個歷史的教訓. 臺灣公共衛生雜
呂宗學、陳端容、江東亮. (2015) 釐清健康不平等相關名詞。台灣公共衛生雜
李卓倫.( 2006) 台灣健康照護制度改革的理論面探討:代理人與效率。台灣衛 誌 25(5) : 340-350.
李卓倫、紀駿輝、梅蘭、高翊瀚、蔡旻錡.( 2014) 健康保險道德風險的理解與 誤解。台灣衛誌 34(6) :563-575
李妙純、張雅雯. (2014) 社經弱勢軌跡與健康結果之關係. 臺灣公共衛生雜 誌 33(5) : 483-496.
李妙純、沈茂庭. (2008) 全民健保下不同所得群體醫療利用不均因素分析。臺 灣公共衛生雜誌 27(3) : 223-231.
李丞華、周穎政.(2000)「九二一地震對醫療服務利用率之影響」。台北:行政院 衛生署。
何姍珊. (2004) 全民健康保險下民眾自付醫療費用之評估。中國醫藥大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。
林振輝、羅紀瓊. (1999) 以保險費為自付額之改革對健保財務影響之分析。經 濟研究 36(2).
林季平. (2010) 環境變遷和健康不平等。醫療品質雜誌 4(3) : 16-19.
林秀娟. (2010) 族群，性別與健康不平等。醫療品質雜誌 4(3) : 4-9. 林霖、紀駿輝、李卓倫、陳文意、洪錦墩. (2011) 建構民眾自費對全民健康保險
就醫利用影響之評估模式。台北:行政院衛生署。 周鴻儒、高森永、陳育忠. (1997) 國軍醫院門診病患就醫選擇因素調查研究。
國防醫學雜誌 25(5) : 423-30.
周麗芳、陳曾基. (1999) 健康保險藥品費用總額支付制度的理論分析。台灣醫
界 42(12) : 37-40.
洪乙禎、林錦鴻. (2010) 探討醫療資源和民眾健康差異的相關性-以台灣二十
三縣市粗死亡率和事故傷害死亡率為例. 臺灣公共衛生雜誌 29(4), 347-
359.
孫樹根、劉俊賢. (2006) 從台灣城鄉嬰幼兒死亡率差異探討社會不公平問
題。農業推廣學報(21) : 33-58.
紀駿輝. (1999) 部份負擔的深度探討。全民健康保險制度規劃報告 21: 10-14. 紀駿輝、李卓倫. (2003) 總額預算支付制度下民眾自付醫療費用的評估。中央
健康保險局九十二年度委託研究計畫。
施淑芳.(2007)Trends in Socioeconimic Inequality in Mortality:1980-2005。6th
World international health economics association world congress: explorations in htalth economics 會議報告。
章殷超、溫在弘、賴美淑. (2009) 利用地理資訊系統探討肝癌病患就醫地理可 近性與醫院選擇間之相關性。臺灣公共衛生雜誌 28(6) : 517-529.
莊勝雄. (2009) 臺灣老年人社經地位與健康之關係—長期追蹤研究。臺灣大學衛 生政策與管理研究所學位論文。1-164.
葉秀珍. (1999) 全民健保健康照護之公平性考量-台灣的實證分析。「家庭、社會 政策及其財務策略」國際學術研討會，中華民國社會福利學會 1999 年年 會，台北:中華民國社會福利學會:
張笠雲. (1998) 「逛醫師」的邏輯:求醫歷程的分析。台灣社會學刊 21 : 60-87.
張鴻仁、黃信忠、蔣翠蘋. (2002) 全民健保醫療利用集中狀況及高，低使用者 特性之探討。臺灣公共衛生雜誌 21(3) : 207-213.
張朝琴. (2008) 貧窮與健康-社經地位與原住民族健康問題探析。嘉義大學通識 學報 (6) : 461-486.
曾敏傑. (2005) 社會階級與健康不平等的因徑探索。社會政策與社會工作學 刊 9(1) :25-76.
喬芷. (2013) 評論: 台灣兒童之健康平等及醫療照護利用公平性探討。臺灣公共 衛生雜誌 32(5) : 462-462.
葉淑娟、劉維琪. (2002) 全民健保保險對象就醫時需自付費用項目的 擔程度及其影響因素之研究分析: 以南部住院病患為研究對象。行政 院衛生署中央健康保險局。
陳文意、林玉惠、梁亞文. (2012) 人口老化趨勢下的健康均等與醫療照護公平 性之年齡比較。台灣公共衛生雜誌 31(1) : 59-71。
陳慶餘、沈友仁. (1992) 花蓮縣山地鄕原住民健康問題盛行率之初步調查。中 華民國公共衛生學會雜誌 11 (1) : 13-19.
陳聽安、徐偉初、周麗芳.(1998) 我國全民健康保險醫療費用部份負擔經濟效果 分析與制度改進之研究。行政院衛生署中央健康保險局。
陳慈純. (2013) 自付醫療費用對民眾就醫層級選擇的影響:以多項式 Logit 模型。 暨南大學經營管理碩士在職專班學位論文，未出版，南投。
黃嵩立、黃怡碧. (2012) 吸菸，自由與社會正義。In 會議論文集名稱: 台 灣人權學刊。
湯澡薰, 郭乃文, & 葉壽山. (1999) 台灣醫療資源使用之公平性探討。醫護科技 學刊, 1(1) : 43-58.
湯澡薰、劉錦添、郭乃文、黃國哲、楊哲銘. (2001) 全民健保保險對象家庭財 務負擔與醫療服務使用之公平性探討。中央健保局專題研究計畫成果報 告。
湯澡薰、郭乃文、張維容. (2002) 全民健保醫療服務使用公平性之探討。醫護 科技學刊 4(4) : 291-304.
楊靜利. (2000) 社會保險的意義與社會福利體系。台灣社會福利學刊 (電子期 刊), (1).
鄭文輝、蘇建榮. (1997) 全民健保財務負擔及公平性探討。政治大學財政學系 全民健康保險財務問題學術研討會。
鄭文輝、蘇建榮、梁正德、何怡澄、陳俊全. (1998) 我國全民健康保險財務收 支歸宿之研究。台北:行政院衛生署中央健康保險局。
蔡貞慧、周穎正. (2002) 台灣全民健康保險的醫療支出重分配效果，1995- 2000。台灣公共衛生雜誌 5(21) : 373-379.
蔡貞慧、張鴻仁、王本人. (2005) 2002 年調整保費及部份負擔對全民健康保險 財務公平性之影響。人文及社會科學集刊 1 : 221-250.
蔡貞慧、高豐渝. (2010) 我國健康財務負擔的公平性:1995-2006。社會政策與社 會工作學刊 14(1):81-117.
劉彩卿、吳佩璟. (2001) 全民健保下病患在各醫療層級間的就醫選擇-台北市小 兒科病患為例。醫務管理期刊 2(2):87-108.
劉介修. (2008) 經濟成長, 所得不平等與人口健康: 跨國研究 1980-2000。台北: 臺灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所學位論文 1-198.
盧瑞芬、蕭慶倫. (2001) 台灣國民醫療衛生保健帳戶的建立經濟論文叢 刊 29(4) : 547-576.
謝啟瑞、陳肇男. (1993) 健康保險與老人自付醫療費用之探討。中央研究院人 文及社會科學集刊 6(1) : 163-203.
二、英文部分
Acheson, D. (1998). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health: Report. London: The Stationery Office.
Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. M. (1981). Equity of access to medical care: a conceptual and empirical overview. Medical care, 4-27.
Ahn, B. C., Engelhardt, K., Joung, H. (2010). Income-related health inequalities in Korea. Asia Pac J Publ Health, 22, 32-41.
Aitsi-Selmi, A., Bell, R., Shipley, M. J., & Marmot, M. G. (2014). Education modifies the association of wealth with obesity in women in middle-income but not low- income countries: an interaction study using seven national datasets, 2005- 2010. PLoS One, 9(3), e90403.
Anand, S., Peter, F., & Sen, A. (2006). Public Health, Ethics, and Equity. Public health, ethics, and equity. Oxford University Press.
Anis, A. H., Guh, D. P., Lacaille, D., Marra, C. A., Rashidi, A. A., Li, X., & Esdaile, J. M. (2005). When patients have to pay a share of drug costs: effects on
frequency of physician visits, hospital admissions and filling of prescriptions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173(11), 1335-1340.
Arber, S. (1991). Class, paid employment and family roles: making sense of structural disadvantage, gender and health status. Social Science and Medicine, 32, 425- 436.
Asada, Y., Hurley, J., Norheim, O. F., & Johri, M. (2014). A three-stage approach to measuring health inequalities and inequities. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 1.
Beckett, M., Goldman, N., Weinstein, M., Lin, I. F., Chuang, Y. L. (2002). Social environment, life challenge, and health among the elderly in Taiwan. Soc Sci Med, 55, 191-209.
Banks, M. H. & Kackson, P. R. (1982). Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Psychological Medicine, 12, 789-798.
Bartley M. (2004). Health Inequality: An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods. Cambridge: Polity.
Begley, C. E., & Guidry, J. J. (1995). Health expenditures in Texas during 1989 and 1990. Texas medicine, 91(1), 56-62.
Bernstein, S. J., McGlynn, E. A., Siu, A. L., Sheils, J. F., Young, G. J., & Rubin, R. J. (1995). Cost sharing in health insurance. N Engl J Med, 1995(333), 733-734.
Berkman, L. A. (1985). The relationship of social networks and social support to morbidity and mortality. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme. (Eds.) Social Support and Health. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 241-246.
Berkman L. A. & Kawachi, I. (2000). A historical framework for social epidemiology. In L. Berkman, & I. Kawachi. (Eds.) Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.3-12.
Bilger, M., & Carrieri, V. (2013). Health in the cities: when the neighborhood matters more than income. Journal of Health Economics, 32(1), 1-11.
Black, D., Morris, J. N., Smith, C. & Townsend, P. (1992). The Black Report. In P. Townsend & N. Davidson. (Eds.) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, 2nd ed. London: Penguin Books.
Bobak, M. & Marmot, M. (1996). East-west mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda. British Medical Journal, 312, 421- 425.
Bobak, M., Hertzman, C., Skodova, Z. & Marmot, M. (1998a). Association between psychosocial factors at work and non-fatal myocardial infarction in a population based case-control study in Czech men. Epidemiology, 9, 43-47.
Boback, M., Pikhart, H., Hertzman, C., Rose, R. & Marnot, M. (1998b). Socioeconomic factors, perceived control and self-reported health in Russia: a cross-sectional survey. Social Science and Medicine, 47, 269-279.
Bosma, H., Marmot, M., Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A., Brunner, E. & Stansfeld, S. (1997). Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in the Whitehall II (perspective cohort) study. British Medical Journal, 314, 558-565.
Brenner, M. H. (1983). Mortality and economic instability: detailed analysis for Britain and comparative analysis for selected industrial countries. International Journal of Health Services, 13(4), 563-620.
Braveman, P. (2006). Health disparities and health equity: concepts and measurement. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 27, 167-194.
Castano, R. A., Arbelaez, J. J., Giedion, U. B., & Morales, L. G. (2002). Equitable financing, out-of-pocket payments and the role of health care reform in colombia. Health Policy & Planning, 17 Suppl (suppl_1), 5.
Chalkley, M., & Robinson, R. (1997). Theory and evidence on cost sharing in health care: an economic perspective. London: Office of Health Economics. Chandola, T., Ferrie, J., Sacker, A., & Marmot, M. (2007). Social inequalities in self
reported health in early old age: follow-up of prospective cohort
study. Bmj,334(7601), 990.
Charlton, J., Dunnell, K.,Evans, B. & Jenkins, R. (1994). Suicide deaths in England
and Wales: trends in factors associated with suicide deaths. In R. Jenkins, S. Griffiths, I. Wylie, K. Hawton, G. Morgan, & A. Tylee. (Eds.) The Prevention of Suicide. London: HMSO.
Chaudhuri, A., & Roy, K. (2008). Changes in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Vietnam and its impact on equity in payments, 1992–2002. Health Policy, 88(1), 38-48.
Chen, L., Yip, W., Chang, M.C. (2007). The effects of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance on access and health status of the elderly. Health Econ, 16, 223-42.
Chen, W. Y., Liang, Y. W. and Lin, Y. H. (2010). Pricing-out effect from possible User-fee Policies under Taiwan’s National Health Insurance. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 10(4), 453-464
Chen, C. M., Lin, Y. C., & Liao, Y. H. (2014). Research note: Revenue and labour demand in the hotel industry: an investigation of endogeneity. Tourism Economics, 20(2), 439-446. (page.224)
Cherkin, D. C., Grothaus, L., & Wagner, E. H. (1989). The effect of office visit copayments on utilization in a health maintenance organization. Medical Care, 669-679.
Cherkin, D. C., Grothaus, L., & Wagner, E. H. (1992). Is magnitude of co-payment effect related to income? using census data for health services research. Social Science & Medicine, 34(1), 33-41.
Chi C, Lee JL, Tsai SL, Chen WY. (2008). Out-of-pocket payment for medical care under Taiwan’s national health insurance system. Health Economics 17: 961- 975.
Chu, T. B., Liu, T. C., Chen, C. S., Tsai, Y. W., & Chiu, W. T. (2005). Household out- of-pocket medical expenditures and national health insurance in Taiwan: income and regional inequality. BMC Health services research, 5(1), 60.
Chuang, H.L., Huang, W. C. (2007). A Re-examination of the suicide rates in Taiwan.
Social Indicators Research, 83, 465-485.
Cisse, B., Luchini, S. and Moatti, J.P. (2007). Progressivity and horizontal equity in
health care finance and delivery: what about Africa? Health Policy, 80(1): 51-
68.
Cohen, S. B., & Carlson, B. L. (1994). A comparison of household and medical
provider reported expenditures in the 1987 NMES. Journal of Official
Statistics, 10(1), 3.
Cole, J. A., Norman, H., Weatherby, L. B., & Walker, A. M. (2006). Drug copayment
and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and
outcomes. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 26(8), 1157-1164.
Curkendall, S., Patel, V., Gleeson, M., Campbell, R. S., Zagari, M., & Dubois, R. (2008). Compliance with biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: Do patient out‐of‐pocket payments matter?. Arthritis Care & Research, 59(10), 1519-1526.
Currie, J., & Stabile, M. (2002). Socioeconomic status and health: why is the relationship stronger for older children? (No. w9098). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Damme, W. V., Leemput, L. V., Hardeman, W., & Meessen, B. (2004). Out‐of‐pocket
health expenditure and debt in poor households: evidence from
Cambodia. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 9(2), 273-280. Dannefer, D. (2003). Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: Cross-
fertilizing age and social science theory. The Journals of Gerontology Series
B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(6), S327-S337.
De Graeve, D. & Van Ourti, T. (2003). The distribution impact of health financing in
Europe: a review. The World Economy, 26(10): 1459-1479.
Diekstra, R., Kienhorst, C. & de Wilde, E. (1995). Suicide and suicidal behaviour
among adolescents. In M. Rutter & D. J. Smith. (Eds.) Psychosocial Disorders
in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes. Chichester: Wiley. Dowding, V. M. (1981). New assessment of the effects of birth order and
socioeconomic status on birth weight. British Medical Journal, 282, 683-686. Dowding, K. (2006). Three-dimensional power: A discussion of Steven Lukes' Power:
A radical view. Political Studies Review, 4(2), 136-145.
Dranove, D., & Millenson, M. L. (2006). Medical bankruptcy: myth versus fact. Health Affairs, 25(2), w74-w83.
Drever, F., Whitehead, M. & Roden, M. (1996). Current patterns and trends in male mortality by social class (based on occupation). Population Trends, 86, 15-20. Drever, F. & Bunting, J. (1997). Patterns and trends in male mortality. In F. Drever &
M. Whitehead. (Eds.) Health Inequalities: Decennial Supplement, DA Series
no.15. London: The Stationary Office.
Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide: A study in Sociology, translated by J.A. Spaulding and
G. Simpson, Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Ellison, G. T. (2002). Letting the Gini out of the bottle? Challenges facing the relative income hypothesis. Social Science & Medicine, 54(4), 561-576.
Evans, R. G. (1996). Health, hierarchy and hominids—biological correlates of the socioeconomic gradient in health. In A. J. Culyer & A. Wagstaff. (Eds.) Reforming Health Care Systems: Experiments with the NHS. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Evans, R. G., Barer, M. L. & Marmor, T. R. (Eds.) (1994). Why Are Some People Healthy and Other Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Fagin, L. & Little, M. (1984). The Forsaken Families. London: Penguin Books. Feldberg, G. D. (1995). Disease and Calss: Tuberculosis and the Shaping of Modern
North American Society. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Finkelstein, A., & McKnight, R. (2008). What did Medicare do? The initial impact of
Medicare on mortality and out of pocket medical spending. Journal of public
economics, 92(7), 1644-1668.
French, J., McGahan, C., Duncan, G., Lengoc, S., Soo, J., & Cannon, J. (2006). How
gender, age, and geography influence the utilization of radiation therapy in the management of malignant melanoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics, 66(4), 1056-1063.
Galárraga, O., Sosa-Rubí, S. G., Salinas-Rodríguez, A., & Sesma-Vázquez, S. (2010). Health insurance for the poor: impact on catastrophic and out-of-pocket health expenditures in Mexico. The European Journal of Health Economics, 11(5), 437-447.
Ginn, J., Fachinger, U. & Schmahl, W. (2009). Pension reform and the socioeconomic status of older people. In A. Walker & G. Naegele. (Eds.) Social Policy in
Ageing Societies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Goldman, D. P., & Zissimopoulos, J. M. (2003). High out-of-pocket health care
spending by the elderly. Health Affairs, 22(3), 194-202.
Gotsadze, G., Bennett, S., Ranson, K., & Gzirishvili, D. (2005). Health care-seeking
behaviour and out-of-pocket payments in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Policy and
Planning, 20(4), 232-242.
Graham H. Unequal Lives: Health and Socioeconomic Inequalities. Maidenhead:
Open University Press, 2007.
Gravelle, H., Wildman, J., & Sutton, M. (2002). Income, income inequality and health: what can we learn from aggregate data?. Social science & medicine,54(4), 577-589.
Gulley, S. P., Rasch, E. K., & Chan, L. (2011). Ongoing coverage for ongoing care: access, utilization, and out-of-pocket spending among uninsured working-aged adults with chronic health care needs. American journal of public health, 101(2), 368.
Haas, S. (2008). Trajectories of functional health: the ‘long arm’of childhood health and socioeconomic factors. Social science & medicine, 66(4), 849-861.
Hajdu, P., McKee, M. & Bojan, F. (1995). Changes in premature mortality differentials by marital status in Hungary and in England and Wales. European Journal of Public Health, 5, 259-264.
Holahan, J., & Zedlewski, S. (1992). Who pays for health care in the united states? implications for health system reform. Inquiry A Journal of Medical Care Organization Provision & Financing, 29(2), 231
House, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Herzog, A. R. (1990). Age, socioeconomic status, and health. The Milbank Quarterly, 383-411.
Howard, D. H., Bach, P. B., Berndt, E. R., & Conti, R. M. (2015). Pricing in the market for anticancer drugs. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(1), 139-62.
Huisman, M., Kunst, A. E., Andersen, O., Bopp, M., Borgan, J. K., Borrell, C., ... & Gadeyne, S. (2004). Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among elderly people in 11 European populations. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58(6), 468-475.
Mackenbach, J., Kunst, A. (1997). Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: an overview of available measures illustrated with two
examples from Europe. Soc Sci Med, 44, 757-71.
Marc, J. R., Hsiao, W., Berman, P., Reich, R. M. (2004). Getting health reform right-A
guide to improving performance and equity. UK: Oxford university press.
Martelin, T. (1994). Mortality by indicators of socioeconomic status among the Finnish elderly. Social science & medicine, 38(9), 1257-1278.
Hawton, K. & Rose, N. (1986). Unemployment and attempted suicide among men in Oxford. Health Trends, 8, 29-32.
Heady, P. & Smyth, M. (1989). Living Standards During Unemployment: the Results. POCS SS190, London: HMSO.
Hill, A. B. (1965). The environment and disease association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 58, 295-300.
Himmelstein, D. U., Warren, E., Thorne, D., & Woolhandler, S. J. (2005). Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy.
House, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Herzog, A. R. (1990). Age, socioeconomic status, and health. The Milbank Quarterly, 383-411.
Huisman, M., Kunst, A. E., Andersen, O., Bopp, M., Borgan, J. K., Borrell, C., ... & Gadeyne, S. (2004). Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among elderly people in 11 European populations. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58(6), 468-475.
Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics, Econometrica, 46 (6): 1251–1271.
International, C. (2009). Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. An international conference based on the work of the commission on social determinants of health, London, uk, 6-7 november 2008. Global Health Promotion, suppl 1(6), 1.
Jancova-Vseteckova, J., Bobak, M., Kubinova, R., Capkova, N., Peasey, A., Marmot, M. G., & Pikhart, H. (2015). Social patterning in grip strength, chair rise, and walk speed in an aging population: the Czech HAPIEE Study. Journal of aging and physical activity, 23(2), 264-271.
Jarvis, M. J. (1997). Patterns and prediction of unaided smoking cessation in the general population. In C. T. Bollinger & K. O. Fagerstrom. (Eds.) The Tobacco Epidemic, Progress in Respiratory Research. Vol. 28. (pp. 151-164). Basel: Karger.
Jarvis, M. J. & Wardle, J. (1999). Social patterning of individual health behaviour: the
case of cigarette smoking. In M. Marmot & R. Wilkinson. (Eds.) The Social
Determinants of Health. (pp. 240-250).Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jha, P., Peto, R., Zatonski, W., Boreham, J., Jarvis, M. J., & Lopez, A. D. (2006).
Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national death rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America. The Lancet, 368(9533), 367-370.
Johnston, D. W., Propper, C., & Shields, M. A. (2009). Comparing subjective and objective measures of health: Evidence from hypertension for the income/health gradient. Journal of health economics, 28(3), 540-552.
Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Lynch, J. W., Cohen, R. D. & Balfour, J. L. (1996). Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways. British Medical Journal, 312, 999-1003.
Karami, M., Najafi, F., & Karami Matin, B. (2009). Catastrophic health expenditures in Kermanshah, west of Iran: magnitude and distribution. Journal of research in health sciences, 9(2), 36-40.
Karasek, R. & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. New York: Basic Books.
Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V., & Almeida-Filho, N. (2002). A glossary for health inequalities. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 56(9), 647-652.
Kakwanin, N., Wagstaff, A., van Doorslaer, E. (1997). Socioeconomic inequalities in health: measurement, computation, and statistical inference. J Econometrics, 77, 87-103.
Keng SH, Sheu SJ. (2013). The effect of national health insurance on mortality and the ses-health gradient: evidence from the elderly in Taiwan. Health Econ, 22, 52-72.
Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I. & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1996). Income distribution and mortality: cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States. British Medical Journal, 312, 1004-1007.
Khang, Y. H., Lynch, J.W., Yun, S., Lee, S. I. (2004). Trends in socioeconomic health inequalities in Korea. use of mortality and morbidity measures. J Epidemiol Commun Health, 58, 308-314.
Kim, J., Ko, S., & Yang, B. (2005). The effects of patient cost sharing on ambulatory utilization in South Korea. Health Policy, 72(3), 293-300.
Kindig, D., & Stoddart, G. (2003). What is population health?. American Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 380-383.
Koenig, M. A., Bishai, D., & Khan, M. A. (2001). Health interventions and health equity: the example of measles vaccination in Bangladesh. Population and Development Review, 27(2), 283-302.
Kreitmanm, N. & Platt, S. (1984). Suicide, unemployment and domestic gas detoxification in Great Britain. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 38, 1-6.
Kuehnle, D. (2014). The causal effect of family income on child health in the UK. Journal of health economics, 36, 137-150.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P. (1994). The size of mortality differences associated with educational level in nine industrialized countries. Am J Public Health, 84, 932-7.
Kupor, S. A., Liu, Y. C., Lee, J., & Yoshikawa, A. (1995). The effect of copayments and income on the utilization of medical care by subscribers to japan’s national health insurance system. International Journal of Health Services, 421(2), 295-312.
Kutzin, J. (1998). The Appropriate Role for Patient Cost-Sharing. In Saltman, Richard B., Josep Figueras, et al., Eds. Critical Challenges for Health Care Reform in Europe. State of Health. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Lareau, A. (2002). Invisible inequality: Social class and childrearing in black families and white families. American sociological review, 747-776.
Lee, C. C. S., & Lu, J. F. R. (2013). Health equality and equity in health care utilization among children in Taiwan. Taiwan Gong Gong Wei Sheng Za Zhi, 32(5), 449.
Lee, M. C., Jones, A. M. (2007). Understanding differences in income-related health inequality between geographic regions in Taiwan using the SF-36. Health Policy, 83, 186-95.
Leete, R. & Fox, J. (1977). Registrar General’s social classes: origins and uses.
Population Trends, 8, 1-7.
Liang, F. W., Huang, Y. L., Wu, M. H., Lue, H. C., Chiang, T. L., & Lu, T. H. (2016).
Child mortality: Taiwan compared with OECD countries. Taiwan Gong Gong
Wei Sheng Za Zhi, 35(2), 221.
Limwattananon, S., Tangcharoensathien, V., & Prakongsai, P. (2007). Catastrophic
and poverty impacts of health payments: results from national household surveys in Thailand. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(8), 600- 606.
Lin, G., Allan, D. E., & Penning, M. J. (2002). Examining distance effects on hospitalizations using GIS: a study of three health regions in British Columbia, Canada. Environment and Planning A, 34(11), 2037-2053.
Lu, JR., Leung GM., Kwon S., Tin, KYK., van Doorslaer E, O’Donnell O. (2007). Horizontal equity in health care utilization-evidence from three high-income Asian economies. Social Science and Medicine, 64(1), 199-212.
Lynch, S. M. (2003). Cohort and life-course patterns in the relationship between education and health: A hierarchical approach. Demography, 40(2), 309-331.
Macfarlane, A. & Cole, T. (1985). From depression to recession—evidence about the effects of unemployment on mothers’ and babies’ health. In L. Durward. (Ed.) Born Unequal: Perspectives on Pregnancy and Childrearing in Unemployed Families. London: Maternity Alliance.
Maclure, A. & Stewart, G. T. (1984). Lack of class variation in health in adolescence: an artifact of an occupational measure of social class? Social Science and Medicine, 32, 395-402.
Mahler H. Social revolution in public health. WHO Chron 1976, 30, 475-80. Mackenbach J, Kunst A. (1997). Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic
inequalities in health: an overview of available measures illustrated with two
examples from Europe. Soc Sci Med 1997, 44, 757-71.
Marmot, M. (1986). Social inequalities in mortality: the social environment. In Wilkinson, R. G. ed., Class and Health. (pp. 21-33). London: Tavistock
Publications.
Marmot, M. (2004). Social causes of social inequalities in health. In S. Anand, F.
Peter, & A. Sen. (Eds) Public Health, Ethics, and Equity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marmot, M., Bosma, H., Heminway, H., Brunner, E. & Stansfeld, S. (1997). Contributions of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease. Lancet, 350, 235-240.
Marmot, M., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Brunner, E., & Feeney, A. (1991). Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. The Lancet, 337, 1387-1393.
Marmot, M. (1996). The social pattern of health and dis. Health and social organization: Towards a health policy for the twenty-first century, 42.
Marmot, M.. & Shipley, M. (1996). Do socio-economic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. British Medical Journal, 313, 1177-1180.
Marmot, M. & Theorell, T. (1988). Social class and cardiovascular disease: the contribution of work. International Journal of Health Services, 18, 659-674. Marmot, M. (2005). The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health
and Longevity. New York: Holt.
Marmot, M. (2015a). What kind of society do we want: getting the balance right. The Lancet, 385(9978), 1614-1615.
Marmot, M., & Allen, J. (2015b). Health priorities and the social determinants of health. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 21(9), 671.
Marmot, M., & Bell, R. (2016). Social inequalities in health: a proper concern of epidemiology. Annals of epidemiology, 26(4), 238-240.
Martelin, T. (1994). Mortality by indicators of socioeconomic status among the Finnish elderly. Social science & medicine, 38(9), 1257-1278.
McPake B, Normand C, Smith S. Health Economics: An International Perspective. London: Routledge, 2007.
McKeown, T. (1979). The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
McMichael, A. J. (1993). Planetary overload: global environmental change and the health of the human species. Cambridge University Press.
McMichael, A. J., Woodruff, R. E., & Hales, S. (2006). Climate change and human health: present and future risks. The Lancet, 367(9513), 859-869.
Mellor, J. M., & Milyo, J. (2001). Reexamining the evidence of an ecological association between income inequality and health. Journal of Health Politics,
Policy and Law, 26(3), 487-522.
Merlis, M. (2004). Long-term care financing: models and issues. National Academy
of Social Insurance.
Mondal, S., Kanjilal, B., Peters, D. H., & Lucas, H. (2010). Catastrophic out-of-
pocket payment for health care and its impact on households: Experience from
West Bengal, India. Future Health Systems, Innovations for equity. Moony, G. (2009). Some Problems in Existing Health Economics. Challenging
Health Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Murray, C. J. L., Gakidou, E. E., & Frenk, J. (1999). Critical Reflection-Health
inequalities and social group differences: What should we measure?. Bulletin
of the World Health Organization, 77(7), 537-544.
Nattinger, A. B., Kneusel, R. T., Hoffmann, R. G., & Gilligan, M. A. (2001).
Relationship of distance from a radiotherapy facility and initial breast cancer
treatment. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93(17), 1344-1346. Neumayer, E. (2003). Socioeconomic factors and suicide rates at large-unit aggregate
levels: a comment. Urban Studies, 40, 2769-2776.
North, F., Syme, S. L., Feeney, A. et. al. (1993). Explaining socioeconomic
differences in sickness absence: the Whitehall II study. British Medical
Journal, 306, 363.
O’Donnell, O., van Doorslaer, E. Rannan-Eliya, R., et al. (2008). Who pays for health
care in Asia? Journal of Health Economics, 27: 460-475.
Office for National Statistics. (2010). The Current Standard Occupational
Classification for UK, (SOC 2010). London: Office for National Statistics.
Oleson, J. J., Breheny, P. J., Pendergast, J. F., Ryan, S., & Litchfield, R. (2008). Impact of travel distance on WISEWOMAN Intervention attendance for a rural population. Preventive medicine, 47(5), 565-569.
Paez, K. A., Zhao, L., & Hwang, W. (2009). Rising out-of-pocket spending for chronic conditions: a ten-year trend. Health affairs, 28(1), 15-25.
Pamuk, E. (1985). Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales. Popul Stud (Camb) 1985, 39, 17-31.
Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W. & Fisher, G.. (1993). The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1989.
New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 103-109.
Payne, S., Jarrett, N., & Jeffs, D. (2000). The impact of travel on cancer patients’
experiences of treatment: a literature review. European Journal of Cancer
Care, 9(4), 197-203.
Platt, S., Hawton, K., Kreitman, N., Faggk J. & Foster, J. (1988). Recent clinical and
epidemiological trends in parasuicide in Edinburgh and Oxford: a tale of two
cities, Psychological Medicine, 18, 405-418.
Popper, K. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge,
London: Routledge.
Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard
University Press.
Raphael, D., & Bryant, T. (2002). The limitations of population health as a model for a new public health. Health Promotion International, 17(2), 189-199.
Reed, M., Fung, V., Brand, R., Fireman, B., Newhouse, J. P., Selby, J. V., & Hsu, J. (2005). Care-seeking behavior in response to emergency department copayments. Medical Care, 43(8), 810-816.
Roberson, A. (1998). Critical reflections on the politics of need: implications for public health. Social Science and Medicine, 47(10), 1419-1430.
Rodriguez, M. & Urbanos-Garrido, R. (2016). Inequalities and inequalities in health and health care. In: R.M. Scheffler. (Ed.), World Scientific Handbook of Global Health Economics and Public Policy, Vol.1, The Economics of Health and Health Systems. London: World Scientific.
Rose, D. & O’Reilly, K. (eds) (1997). Constructing Classes: Towards a New Social Classification for UK, Swindon: ESRC/ONS.
Rubin, R. J., & Mendelson, D. N. (1995). Cost sharing in health insurance. New England Journal of Medicine, 333(11), 733-734.
Sanmartin, C., Hennessy, D., Lu, Y., & Law, M. R. (2014). Trends in out-of-pocket health care expenditures in canada, by household income, 1997 to 2009. Health Reports, 25(4).
Sapolsky, R. M. (1990). Stress in the wild. Scientific American, 262(1), 116-123. Schieber, G. J., Gottret, P., Fleisher, L. K., & Leive, A. A. (2007). Financing global
health: mission unaccomplished. Health Affairs, 26(4), 921-934.
Schokkaert, E., & Van de Voorde, C. (2011). User charges. In: S. Glief, & P.C. Smith.
(Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Health Economics. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Schroen, A. T., Brenin, D. R., Kelly, M. D., Knaus, W. A., & Slingluff, C. L. (2005).
Impact of patient distance to radiation therapy on mastectomy use in early-
stage breast cancer patients. Journal of clinical oncology, 23(28), 7074-7080. Segall, M., Tipping, G., Lucas, H., Dung, T. V., Tam, N. T., Vinh, D. X., & Huong, D.
L. (2002). Economic transition should come with a health warning: the case of
Vietnam. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 56(7), 497-505. Shahrawat, R., & Rao, K. D. (2011). Insured yet vulnerable: out-of-pocket payments
and India’s poor. Health policy and planning, 27(3), 213-221.
Shaw, M, Galobardes, B, Debbie, A. L., Lynch, J., Wheeler, B. & Smith, G. D. (2007).
The Handbook of Inequality and Socioeconomic Position. Bristol: The Policy
Press.
Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions.
Journal of Occupational Health and Psychology, 1, 27-41.
Singer, B., & Ryff, C. D. (1999). Hierarchies of life histories and associated health
risks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896(1), 96-115. Skinner, E. A. (1996). A guide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 71, 549-570.
Smith, J. P. (1998). Socioeconomic status and health. The American Economic
Review, 88(2), 192-196.
Stansfeld, S. & Marmot, M. (1992). Deriving a survey measure of social support: the
reliability and validity of the close persons questionnaire. Social Science and
Medicine, 35, 1027-1035.
Stefler, D., Pikhart, H., Kubinova, R., Pajak, A., Stepaniak, U., Malyutina, S. &
Bobak, M. (2016). Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality in Eastern Europe: Longitudinal results from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study. European journal of preventive
cardiology, 23(5), 493-501.
Stuart, B., & Zacker, C. (1999). Who bears the burden of Medicaid drug co-payment policies? Health Affairs, 18(2), 201-212.
Subramanian, S. V., & Kawachi, I. (2004). Income inequality and health: what have we learned so far?. Epidemiologic reviews, 26(1), 78-91.
Sudhir, A., Fabienne, P., Amartya, S. (2004). Public Health, Ethics, and Equity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sun, X., Jackson, S., Carmichael, G., & Sleigh, A. C. (2009). Catastrophic medical payment and financial protection in rural China: evidence from the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in Shandong Province. Health economics, 18(1), 103-119.
The Economist. (2010a). Anti-poverty programmes: give the poor money. The Economist, (p.8). July 31th-August 6th.
The Economist. (2010b). How to get children out of jobs and into school, (pp.17-18.) The Economist, (p.8). July 31th-August 6th.
Trivedi, P. K. (2004). Patterns of health care use in Vietnam: Analysis of 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey data. Economic Growth, Poverty, and Household Welfare in Vietnam, World Bank, Washington, DC, 391-423.
Tu, H. T. (2005), “Medicare seniors much less willing to limit physician-hospital choice for lower costs,” Age, 50, 64.
van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Bleichrodt H,et al. (1997). Income-related inequalities in health:some international comparisons. Journal of Health Economics, 16, 93-112.
van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A., & van der Burg, H. et al. (1999). The redistributive effect of health care finance in twelve OECD countries. Journal of Health Economics, 18(3): 291-313.
van Doorslaer, E., O'Donnell, O., Rannan-Eliya, R. P., Somanathan, A., Adhikari, S. R., Garg, C. C. & Karan, A. (2006). Effect of payments for health care on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: an analysis of household survey data. The lancet, 368(9544), 1357-1364.
van Doorslaer, E., O'Donnell, O., Rannan‐Eliya, R. P., Somanathan, A., Adhikari, S.
R., Garg, C. C. & Karan, A. (2007). Catastrophic payments for health care
in Asia. Health economics, 16(11), 1159-1184.
van Doorslaer, E. & Van Ourti, T. (2011). Measuring inequality and inequity in health
and health care. In: S. Glied & P. C. Smith. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of
Health Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Von dem Knesebeck, O., Lüschen, G., Cockerham, W. C., & Siegrist, J. (2003).
Socioeconomic status and health among the aged in the United States and Germany: a comparative cross-sectional study. Social science &
medicine, 57(9), 1643-1652.
Wadsworth, M. E. J. (1997). Health inequalities in the life course perspective. Social
Science & Medicine, 44(6), 859-869.
Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., van Doorslaer, E. (1991). On the measurement of inequalities
in health. Soc Scic Med, 33, 545-57.
Warr, P. (1985). Twelve questions about unemployment and health. In B. Toberts, R.
Finnegan, & D. Gallie. (Eds.) New Approach to Economic Life, Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
Waters, H. R., Anderson, G. F., & Mays, J. (2004). Measuring financial protection in health in the United States. Health policy, 69(3), 339-349.
Watson, P. (1995). Explaining rising mortality among men in eastern Europe. Social Science and Medicine, 41, 923-934.
Wen CP, Tsai SP, Chung WS. 10-Year Experience with Universal Health Insurance in Taiwan: Changes in Health and Healt Disparity. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148:258-267.
Whitehead, M. ed. (1992a). The Health Divide. In P. Townsend & N. Davidson. (Eds.) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, 2nd ed. London: Penguin.
Whitehead, M. (1992b). The concepts and principles of equity and health. International Journal of Health Services, 22(3), 429-445.
Whitehead, M., Dahlgren, G. and Evans, T. (2001). Equity and health sector reforms: can low-income countries escape the medical poverty trap? The Lancet, 358: 833-836.
WHO. (2010). The World Health Organization: The World Health Report-Health systems Organization.
Wilkinson, R. (1996). Unhealthy Societies: the Afflictions of Inequality. London: Routledge.
Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. E. (2006). Income inequality and population health: a review and explanation of the evidence. Social science & medicine,62(7), 1768-1784.
Williams, R., Haney, T., Lee, K., Kong, Y., Bumenthal, J. & Whalen, R. (1980). Type a behavior, hostility and coronary heart disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 42, 539-549.
Williams, R. (1991). A relook at personality types and coronary heart disease.
Progress in Cardiology, 4, 91-97.
Wilkinson, R. G., & Marmot, M. G. (2003). Social determinants of health: the solid
facts. World Health Organization.
World Bank. (1993). World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. New
York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.
Workd Bank. (1993). World Development Report: Investing in Health. Washington, DC: Wordk Band.
Wu, J. C. L., & Chiang, T. L. (2007). Comparing child mortality in Taiwan and selected industrialized countries. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,106(2), 177-180.
Xu, K., Evans, D. B., Carrin, G., Aguilar-Rivera, A. M., Musgrove, P., & Evans, T. (2007). Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health Affairs, 26(4), 972-983.
Yantzi, N., Rosenberg, M. W., Burke, S. O., & Harrison, M. B. (2001). The impacts of distance to hospital on families with a child with a chronic condition. Social
Zimmer, Z., Martin, L.G., Lin, H. S. (2005) Determinants of old age mortality in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 457-70.
三、網路部分
行政院衛生福利部中央健康保險署:全民健康保險簡介。
http://www.nhi.gov.tw/webdata/webdata.aspx?menu=17&menu_id=659&WD_ID=897&we
bdata_id=4518
行政院衛生署衛生福利部統計處. (2019) 民國 100 年醫療機構現況及醫院醫療
服務量統計分析。htpp://www.mohw.gov.tw. 行政院衛生署衛生福利部統計處. (2019) 台灣地區醫療保健支出於家戶總支出
占比 https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-1732-3235-113.html
OECD. (2017). Health at a glance 2017: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2017-en
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2020 health people. Available at http://www.healthypeople.gov. Accessed Sepetember 19, 2016.