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題名:探究我國軍事教育體系之學生生活管教與學習網絡特徵-以陸軍官校為例
作者:林耕宇
作者(外文):Lin, Keng-Yu
校院名稱:國立高雄科技大學
系所名稱:管理學院博士班
指導教授:陳慶文
陳隆輝
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:生活管教網絡學習網絡社會網絡分析權力依賴社會規範Life Disciplining NetworkLearning NetworkSocial Network AnalysisPower DependencySocial Norms
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軍事教育體系是一個特殊的教育環境,軍校生與民間大學學生的交流較為缺乏,可視為封閉的獨立群體。軍事院校重視軍校生之生活管教,推動實習幹部制度,由高年級學生負責帶領與管教低年級學生,學長姐與學弟妹之間的互動與關係顯得格外重要。在一個班級之中,同儕之間要有融洽的學習環境與良好的學習成效,則仰賴群體之間相互規範與建立良好的學習關係,對學校管理者而言都是不可忽視的議題。本研究透過權力依賴理論與社會規範認知的觀點,探索外界所不知的軍校生生活管教關係與學習關係;並結合社會網絡分析法,將高年級各階層實習幹部與低年級學生之間存在的生活管教網絡與班級同儕之間的學習網絡特徵以圖示具體呈現,並進一步運用資料分析方法,以量化數據輔助解釋網絡圖態樣。藉以有效協助管理者及時發現異常徵候,防範於未然。
本研究以陸軍官校為個案,實施問卷調查法,研究樣本取自陸軍官校一至四年級軍校生,資料分析方法採用相關分析、t檢定、四分位差法、單因子變異數分析與多元迴歸分析,用以驗證推論研究假說。研究結果發現:(一)高年級各階層實習幹部與低年級學生兩者之間大多數存在互惠平衡的關係,但仍有少部分弱勢學生與實習幹部呈現權力失衡。(二)若兩者維持互惠平衡的關係,會使學弟妹對實習幹部的生活管教感到滿意;反之,對立的關係則會產生反效果。(三)在社會網絡中,受到實習幹部教導,進而組成團體的低年級學生,相較於處於邊陲地帶的孤立者而言,對實習幹部管教的滿意度相對較高。依據上述結果,最後進行討論並提出建議供管理者參考。(四)各班同學之間呈現連結廣泛的學習網絡,遵從社會規範的成員連結緊密、互動頻繁,而不在意或反對社會規範的成員則反之。(五)不同的社會規範認知,是導致同學之間學習網絡與學習成效產生差異之主因。遵從社會規範者能夠有效獲取與分享知識,有助於提升學習成效。(六)學習關係疏遠者學習成效較為極端,學業成績非優即劣,且大多屬於不遵從社會規範的成員。
Much attention has been devoted by military academics in Taiwan to meeting the life disciplining of the cadets. Hence, Internship Cadres System (ICS) has been implemented by military academies and senior students are responsible for leading and tutoring junior students. Thus, it is particularly important that the military academics should not ignore the interaction and relationship between seniors and juniors. In class, a harmonious learning relationship and performance relies on peer-to-peer norms and the fact of existing norms should not be ignored by school administrators. Based on power dependency theory and social norms theory, the paper utilizes social network analysis and aims to examine the characteristics of cadets’ learning network and life disciplining network within each level cadres and junior students. Further, this study employs analytical technique to analyze and interpret the outcomes in helping the administrator to discover abnormal incidents effectively and timely.
In this study, a case study is presented and a survey with questionnaire method is adopted. The observations in this survey are cadets in the R.O.C. Military Academy in Taiwan. The collected questionnaires are statistically analyzed including independent-samples t-test, Pearson correlation, quartile deviation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The findings are as follows: (i) Among seniors and juniors, the relationship of reciprocal balance is existing, although some degree of power imbalance could be found in few observations; (ii) A relationship of reciprocal balance among cadets and other seniors can improve life disciplining satisfaction. However, a harmful relationship would be counterproductive; (iii) In social networks, junior students affiliated with group and cliques who are taken care by seniors are more satisfied than those peers with non-affiliated status. The findings provided recommendations for future implementation of ICS efficiently; (iv) An extensively connected learning network exists among the cadets of different classes. Students who comply with social norms have close relationships and interact frequently with each other, while those who take no notice of or reject social norms exhibit the opposite; (v) Different cognition of social norms is the main reason leading to differences among cadets in their learning network and performance. Compliance with social norms is effectively conducive to the access and sharing of knowledge and improvement of learning outcomes; (vi) The academic performances of those who have aloof relationships with their peers are polarized with either extreme good or extreme poor, and most of them comply with no notice or reflect the behavior of rejecting social norms.
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