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題名：莫三比克和中國的國家-公民社會關係：一個4C的觀點
作者：沈德安
作者(外文)：Analberto Santos
校院名稱：國立中山大學
系所名稱：中國與亞太區域研究所
指導教授：林德昌
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2019
主題關鍵詞：國家 - 公 民社會組織比較分析；國家-公民社會組織關係；民間社會組織；莫三比克；中國；State-CSOs relations；Mozambique；China；Civil Society Organisations；State-CSOs comparative analysis
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公民社會組織在一個國家的發展中發揮著重要作用; 了解國家 - 公民社會組織如何與形態治理相關可以成為實用經濟發展框架的途徑。 莫桑比克發現了巨大的液化天然氣儲量（LNG）; 因此，實現可持續發展的幾個方面對投資很重要，包括公民社會組織的發展，政府發展; 了解這兩者如何相關可以成為良好治理的門戶。
當為煤炭開採行業調動大量投資和發現巨大的天然氣儲備，公民社會組織的發展看到了十年總統格布扎治理的變化。 已經不太透明的國家為腐敗，管理不善和其他不符合良好發展做法的行動敞開了大門。 其他問題是衝突後的脆弱性，政治不容忍，由於公民社會組織的社會階層導致的公民社會的不良服務。 研究目的是了解莫桑比克境內的國家 - 公民社會組織關係，並與中國公民社會組織的文獻進行比較，考察個體政府僱員與個體公民社會組織員工的互動情況; 在“莫桑比克和中國目前的國家 - 公民社會組織關係基於短期項目及其政策目標的基礎上，是什麼？
莫桑比克的公民社會組織具有 4Cs 理論的部分屬性，該理論指出國家和公民社會組織給出了其短期項目目標和長期發展政策目標; 只能輸入四種類型的關係，即合作，對抗，共同選擇和互補。 為了評估這一點，使用調查問捲和分別對 222名和 9 名公民社會組織工作人員進行的訪談收集數據。
研究結果表明，中國的大多數公民社會組織都希望通過盡可能接近政府的空間工作和財政資源而失去獨立性，而莫桑比克公民社會組織主要由國際合作夥伴提供資金，其行為大膽。 莫桑比克和中國的國家 - 公民社會組織關係主要以合作方式為主。 共同選擇有強大的存在，隨後是莫桑比克更明顯的對抗; 和公民社會組織依賴的互補性保持相關性。
CSOs play an imperative role in a country’s success; understanding how State-CSOs relate to shape governance can be a path to a pragmatic economic development framework. Mozambique has discovered huge reserves of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG); so, several fronts to attain sustainable development are important to invest on, including CSOs development, Government development; to understand how these two relate can be a doorway to good governance.
The development of CSOs saw a course change in the ten-year president Guebuza governance when large investments were mobilized for the coal-mining industry and the discovery of giant gas reserves. The already less transparent state has open doors for corruption, mismanagement, and other actions not in line with good development practices. Other problems being Post conflict fragility, Political intolerance, Underservice of civil society due to social Classes of the CSOs. The research purpose is to understand the State-CSOs relations in the Mozambican context, looking at individual government employee’s interaction with individual CSOs employees in a side comparison to China’s literature on CSOs; guided by the question "What is the current State-CSOs relation in Mozambique and China, based on their short-term projects, and their policy goals?
CSOs in Mozambique have portions of attribute of the 4Cs theory, which states that the State and CSOs given their short-term projects objectives, and long-term development policy goals; can only enter four types of relationship that are Cooperation, Confrontation, Co-option, and complementarity. To assess that, data was collected using survey questionnaire and interviews administered to 222 and 9 CSOs workers respectively.
The study findings are that majority of CSOs in China prefer losing their independence by staying as close as possible to the government for space to work and financial
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resources, whilst Mozambican CSO mainly financed by international partners have a daring behaviour. State-CSOs relation in Mozambique and China is mainly dominated by a cooperative style. Co-option has a strong presence followed by confrontation that is more visible in Mozambique; and complementarity that both CSOs rely on to maintain relevant.
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