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題名:核能的媒介話語:國家、媒介與科技 ——以《人民日報》(1949-2018)爲考察對象
作者:徐生權
作者(外文):XU, SHENG-QUAN
校院名稱:世新大學
系所名稱:傳播研究所(含博士學位學程)
指導教授:賴鼎銘
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:核能媒介話語意識形態風險批判話語分析nuclear powermedia discourseideologyriskCritical Discourse Analysis
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自「語言轉向」之後,大多數研究者已認識到,語言並非是現實世界的單純再現,語言也在建構著現實、認同、權力關係等。核能自誕生之初,便是一種與社會歷史變遷交織在一起的技術力量,它早已不是一個靜態的、確定的科技物,而是時刻被政治、文化、認同等社會力量所形塑和拉扯,因而核能的相關話語也在再現和建構公眾對於核能的想像與認同,然而一面是中國核能建設的高歌猛進,一面卻是普通民衆對於核能風險的知之甚少甚至「談核色變」,在全世界核能都是一個極具爭議性話題的當下,中國的核能發展都是需要被加以仔細審視的。
本研究將《人民日報》的核能媒介話語作爲研究對象,重點考察其1949年至2018年9月間有關於核能的相關篇章,並從中選取294篇典型性語篇,採用「話語-歷史取徑」的「批判性話語分析」方法對其進行分析,以揭示中國對於核能意識形態的改造和話語形塑。
本研究發現,核能在中國自開始到現在都被賦予了各種想像和認同,它承載著民族復興、國家自强等「慾望」,「接合」著意識形態的「愛恨情仇」。作為「黨的喉舌」的《人民日報》,也在通過各種話語實踐來實現中國所需要的核能想像和認同。在不同的歷史時期,核能的形象也在發生變化,關於其的話語主題也隨著歷史變遷,包括:「1949-1964:原子能問題上的兩條路綫」、「1964-1977:『精神原子彈』威力無窮」、「1978-1991:中國發展核電勢在必行」、「1991-2011:從國之光榮到民族核電」、「2011 福島之後:讓中國核電照亮世界」等。在這些研究發現的基礎之上,本研究還討論了中國背景之下,國家、現代化進程與科技,權力、媒介與話語機制,核能話語與風險溝通等之間的複雜關係。
最後,本研究指出公衆對於核能發展未必就是反對的,問題在於,公衆的憂慮需要被官方媒介所「討論」,最後則是達成一種有公衆參與的「核能共識」。
Since the "linguistic turn", most researchers have realized that language is not a simple representation of the world, the language is also constructing the reality, identity, power relations and so on. Since its brith, nuclear power has been a technological force intertwined with social and historical changes. It is not a static scientific and technological object, but it has been shaped by forces such as politics, culture and identity. Therefore, the discourses of nuclear power are also reproducing and constructing the public's imagination and recognition of it. On the one hand, China's construction of nuclear power is advancing triumphantly, while the ordinary people know little about nuclear risks. As nuclear power is a controversial topic all over the world, China's nuclear development needs to be carefully examined.
The study takes the nuclear media discourse of The People's Daily as the research object, focusing on the relevant chapters on nuclear power from 1949 to September 2018, and selects 294 typical discourses from which to use "Discourse-Historical Approach" methods for the "Critical Discourse Analysis" in order to reveal China's transformation and discourse shaping about nuclear power.
This study finds that nuclear power has been given various imaginations and recognitions in China from its brith. It carries the "desires" of national rejuvenation and national self-improvement, and articulates the ideological "love, hate and hatred." The People’s Daily, as the mouthpiece of the party, is also fulfilling the nuclear imagination and identity that China needs through various discourse practices. In different historical periods, the image of nuclear power is also changing. The theme of its discourse has also changed with history, including: "1949-1964: Two Routes on the Problem of Atomic Energy", "1964-1977: Spiritary Atomic Bomb is invincible", "1978-1991: China's development of nuclear power is imperative", "1991-2011: From the country's glory to national nuclear power", "After Fukushima: let China's nuclear power illuminate the world" and so on. Based on these findings, the study also discusses the complex relationship between the state, the modernization process and technology, power, media and discourse mechanisms, nuclear power discourse and risk communication in the Chinese context.
Finally, this study points out that the public is not necessarily opposed to the development of nuclear power. The problem is that public concerns need to be discussed by official media discourse, and finally, a "nuclear power consensus" with public participation is needed.
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