Abstract
Since Tang Xu Song wrote the book "Jiankang Records", Sun Wu, Dongjin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen are collectively referred to as the "Six Dynasties." This theory has gradually been adopted by history critics, and it has become a widely used academic in academic circles. noun. The six dynasties all took the Yangtze River as the main territory, and successively determined the capital of the lower reaches of Jiankang (Wu called Jianye, now Nanjing City), which is the same situation in the country. During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the north was divided by foreigners, which caused China to fall into a situation of great schism that lasted for hundreds of years. In the Southern Six Dynasties, the Huai River and the Yangtze River were mostly bordered by the North, and the two sides often broke out wars. It is called the "Northern Expedition".
The Northern Expedition in Chinese history can be roughly divided into two types: the first type, the Chinese regime launched attacks on forces north of the Great Wall, such as the Qin and Han defeats against the Huns; the second type, the internal division of China, from the southern regime to the north The regime launched military attacks, such as the fight against the Five Hus in the Six Dynasties. The purpose of war is nothing more than to strengthen defense and destroy the other side, so as to obtain short-term or long-term national security. According to the historical records in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the number of Northern Expeditions in the Six Dynasties was at least 30 over the three hundred years. The richness of historical cases and the diversity of types are enough to be a macroscopic research topic. It is a pity that previous studies have focused on a single dynasty or prominent cases, while cross-dynasty and comprehensive comparative analysis are relatively rare. This is also the purpose of this research.
This article is divided into three parts in the research and elaboration framework. The first part is the introduction, focusing on "concept tracing" to explore the formation of the concept of the history of the Six Dynasties. Chapters 2 to 4 of the second part focus on "discussion of individual cases". Based on the Northern Expedition and the internal and external situation, the Six Dynasties are divided into "separated regime", "dingli", "nandu", "see-saw", "exploitation", "shrinking" and "maintenance". In the eight periods of "imbalance", the strategic environment, the beginning and end of the war, and the reasons for victory or defeat in that period were discussed separately.
Will they have an impact on the next period? The fifth chapter of the third part focuses on "overall comparison". Based on the perspective of the six dynasties, it analyzes the reasons for the failure of the six dynasties and the similarities and differences from the perspectives of the North-South gap, confrontation situation, strategic line, and internal friction. In the end, I summarized and tried to put forward my own views on why the Six Dynasties could not break through the limitations of "the North is strong and the South is weak" and "the South is a boat and the north is a horse."
Keywords: The Six Dynasties, the Northern Expedition, War, Yangtze River, Jiankang(建康)