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題名:大學社會責任與企業社會責任關聯性研究—規範同形論的觀點
作者:曹慧君
作者(外文):Hui-Chun Tsao
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:企業管理研究所
指導教授:嚴奇峰
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:大學社會責任企業社會責任規範同形DANP企業倫理教育University Social Responsibilities (USR)Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Normative IsomorphismDANPBusiness Ethics Education
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大學社會責任 (USR) 的議題方興未艾,但是台灣相關研究多著墨在「USR實踐計畫」的成果研究,針對USR內涵的相關研究較少。再者,USR觀念是由企業社會責任(CSR) 衍生而來,國外學者已將CSR清楚描繪為「經濟」、「法律」、「倫理」與「慈善」構面,台灣的USR又該涵蓋哪些那些構面?在梳理歐美、日本與台灣有關USR的推行狀況,與台灣的大學發展歷史之後,本研究透過命題的建構方式,以大學成立的初衷為出發點,初擬出台灣的USR構面為「教育」、「研究」、「服務」和「政策與法律」,並藉由USR「教育」層面文獻中探討篩選的「規範同形」效果,來串接USR與CSR之間的關聯,作為此二者的調節變數並探討其影響效果。
本研究接續在USR的教育層面中使用「企業倫理課程」作為規範同形的代理變數(Proxy),透過問卷調查並結合「決策實驗室分析與網路層級分析(DEMATEL & Analytic Network Process; DANP)」的方法,比較四組受測學生-「大學生/EMBA生:有無企業實務經驗?」與「是/否完成企業倫理課程:有無規範同形影響?」在企業倫理認知程度與CSR策略影響程度上的差異後,經由分析證實了完成「企業倫理課程」組存有正向差異,證實「規範同形」的調節效果確實存在,其中以「企業專業人士重返校園並修讀相關倫理課程」,對提升倫理認知與CSR影響策略程度最為顯著!根據此結果,本研究確立了USR與CSR的關連性,顯見大學的倫理教育確實能提升學生在CSR上的法律與倫理認知,並據此建議有心推動企業倫理與社會責任理念的企業應該鼓勵其成員重返校園,或與學校配合設計適合自身企業的相關課程;亦建議大學可以調整與規劃相關課程,來提升學生整體的CSR認知,最後,本研究亦對未來USR研究指出可行的方向。
The issues of University Social Responsibilities (USR) are ardently discussed in nowadays, however, most of Taiwanese related researches were focused on the results of the “University Social Responsibility (USR) program,” and there are rare studies concentrated on the implication of USR. Furthermore, the concept of USR is derived from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), numerous scholars had clearly described CSR with four dimensions as “Economic, Legal, Ethical, and Philanthropic” respectively. What dimensions are suitable to demonstrate the concept of Taiwanese USR? After sorting out the USR implementations in Europe, America, Japan, Taiwan and the historical development of Taiwanese universities, at the viewpoint of the original intention of universities’ establishment, this paper used propositions to build dimensions to answer this question and initially formulated the Taiwanese USR aspects of as “Education, Research, Service, and Policy and legislation.” Through the “Normative isomorphism effect” from the “Education” aspect, we connected the relationship between USR and CSR and considered “Normative isomorphism effect” could be the moderator of these two.
By using “Business Ethics Course” as the proxy variable of “Education,” and applying DANP research methods, we compared differences among four groups of respondents divided by “business experiences” and “course taken”—“undergraduate students (completed the course),” “undergraduate students (yet to take the course),” “EMBA student (completed the course),” and “EMBA students (yet to take the course).” After analyzing differences in the business ethics recognition between these groups and we found that the “EMBA student (completed the course)” group has the most significant difference on ethical cognition and CSR strategy than "EMBA student (yet to take the course).” This paper has proved “Normative isomorphism effect” does exist as a moderating variable. Based on the empirical results, this study not only establishes the connection between USR and CSR but also shows that university’s business ethics education can enhance students’ legal and ethical awareness of CSR. Thereby we recommend enterprises who intend to promote business ethics and CSR should encourage their staffs return to campus to learn, or cooperate with universities by designing relevant courses which meet their own company’s needs. It is also suggested that universities could adjust and program the courses to enhance students'' overall CSR awareness. At the end of this paper, we also indicate potential topics and directions for USR relevant researches.
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中原大學,「高教深耕電子報」,109年5月 第13期,https://hesp.cycu.edu.tw/admin/Content/upload/file/20200528/06982629-370d-47cc-93a2-b8ffeb59c08f.pdf,搜尋日期: 2020年7月15日。
內政部,「內政部統計查詢網」, https://statis.moi.gov.tw/micst/stmain.jsp?sys=220&ym=8300&ymt=10700&kind=21&type=1&funid=c0120101&cycle=4&outmode=0&compmode=0&outkind=1&fldlst=1110011&cod00=1&rdm=aWj3Yeex,搜尋日期: 2019年11月28日。
全國法規資料庫,「大學評鑑辦法」,https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawOldVerList.aspx?pcode=H0030042,搜尋日期: 2019年12月2日。
全國法規資料庫,「公司法」,https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0080001,搜尋日期: 2019年12月2日。
全國法規資料庫,「私立學校法」, https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0020001,搜尋日期: 2019年12月2日。
全國法規資料庫,「財團法人法」, https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=I0020030,搜尋日期:2019年12月2日。
全國法規資料庫,「教育部獎補助私立大專校院學生事務與輔導工作經費及學校配合款實施要點」,https://edu.law.moe.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=FL024845,搜尋日期: 2019年11月15日。
行政院,「行政院生產力4.0發展方案(草案)」, https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/5586801C7B509E5A?A=C,搜尋日期: 2019年12月19日。
吳柏澍,2018,「日本地方創生x台灣高教深耕:5/26大學社會責任實踐經驗交流會」,http://www.ensit.tw/?p=7010,搜尋日期:2020年4月14日。
李宛諭, 「台灣出生率 全球排名倒數第一」,https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/3665579,搜尋日期2019年11月28日。
見證百年樹⼈軌跡教育檔案展,https://atc.archives.gov.tw/educationonline/advance/advance_1_5_1.htm,搜尋日期﹕2020年4月12日。
國家發展委員會,地方創生國家戰略計畫簡報(行政院1080103核定版) ,https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xMTUwMC80ODExN2ZlNi05MjRjLTQwMDUtOGJkNi01NmRkMDZkZWQwN2YucGRm&n=5Zyw5pa55Ym155Sf5ZyL5a625oiw55Wl6KiI55Wr57Ch5aCxKOihjOaUv%2bmZojEwODAxMDPmoLjlrprniYgpdjQg5rWu5rC05Y2wLnBkZg%3d%3d&icon=..pdf,搜尋日期﹕2020年6月2日。
教育部,「大學教育政策白皮書」, http://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/3/RelFile/6315/6936/90.07%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8.pdf,搜尋日期: 2019年12月20日。
教育部,「教育部全球資訊網」,高等教育深耕計畫審查結果公布,https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9E7AC85F1954DDA8&s=8365C4C9ED53126D, 搜尋日期: 2020年7月10日。
教育部,「邁向學習社會白皮書」, http://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/3/RelFile/6315/6938/87.03%E9%82%81%E5%90%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8.pdf,搜尋日期: 2019年12月20日。
教育部,教育部統計處, https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ED4500/News_Content.aspx?n=48EBDB3B9D51F2B8&sms=F78B10654B1FDBB5&s=4396A90696381274,搜尋日期: 2019年11月25日。
教育部大學社會責任推動中心,「計畫公告-第二期(109-111年)USR計畫-大專校院-通過計畫名單」,http://usr.moe.gov.tw/Upload/NewFile/%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A-%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%9F(109-111%E5%B9%B4)USR%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB-%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%88%E6%A0%A1%E9%99%A2-%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE.pdf, 搜尋日期: 2020年7月11日。
教育部大學社會責任推動中心,「計畫公告-第二期(109-111年)USR計畫-技職校院-通過計畫名單」,http://usr.moe.gov.tw/Upload/NewFile/%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A-%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%9F(109-111%E5%B9%B4)USR%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB-%E6%8A%80%E8%81%B7%E6%A0%A1%E9%99%A2-%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE.pdf,搜尋日期: 2020年7月11日。
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教育部大學社會責任推動中心,2017,「大學社會責任支持系統」,http://usr.moe.gov.tw/Upload/files/USR支持系統初步構想0321.pdf,搜尋日期:2019年12月2日。
教育部大學社會責任推動中心,2019,「第二期(109-111年)大學社會責任實踐計畫徵件規劃草案簡報」,http://usr.moe.gov.tw/Upload/files/第二期USR計畫徵件規劃草案簡報(臺南場會議資料).pdf.pdf,搜尋日期: 2019年12月2日。
郭怡棻,2017,「高教深耕,地方創生─臺日大學社會責任實踐經驗交流論壇」側記(上),https://www.hisp.ntu.edu.tw/news/epapers/53/articles/192,搜尋日期:2020年4月15日。
楊法先, 2017,「美國大學的績效指標體系與社會責任」,http://www.tair.tw/Media/Default/Seminar/1061215-19/%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1-%E6%A5%8A%E6%B3%95%E5%85%88%E8%80%81%E5%B8%AB.pdf,搜尋日期: 2019年12月6日。
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聯合國教科文組織,「2030年教育:仁川宣言和行棟框架實現可持續發展目標4—確保包容和公平的優質教育,讓全民終身享有學習機會」,https://en.unesco.org/themes/gced,搜尋日期: 2019年11月26日。
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