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題名:泰王普美蓬的「適足經濟哲學」之研究---依據佛教倫理與中道思想來解析
作者:釋法律
作者(外文):PHRA CHAIYUT HOMDUANGSRI
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:孫雲平
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:適足經濟哲學美德佛教倫理中道八正道永續發展泰王普 美蓬Sufficiency Economy PhilosophyvirtuesBuddhist EthicsMiddle PathNoble Eightfold PathSustainable DevelopmentKing Bhumibol Adulyadej
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1997 年金融危機以來,如何在全球化進程中實現國民經濟社會的長期穩定可
持續發展,已成為泰國社會各界所共同關心的重要課題。適足經濟哲學就是在當
時泰國社會經濟變化的背景下,由泰王普美蓬所提出並發展的一種哲學,強調以
倫理和中道作為所有各層面的人民追求他們生計時的指導原則。它適用於個人、
家庭、社區,以及國家各層面。
泰王的適足經濟哲學的核心思想是教導民眾以美德和知識做基礎,遵循中道
和實踐八正道,以適度、合理、謹慎的三種心態從事倫理規範下的經濟活動,進
而達成經濟實體在面對金融等風暴時,具有自力、韌性和免疫力。同時,國家各
階層能從容的面對全球化所引發的急速及不斷的改變。國家將因此而具備強大的
能力,在全球化經濟領域之中治國,並達到永續發展。
本文依據佛教倫理的思想以及佛陀所教導的中道,詳細解析泰王普美蓬的適
足經濟哲學的思想脈絡,並提出適足經濟哲學從實然到應然之建立當中,引用八
正道的實踐過程。所以,本論文的核心是探索適足經濟哲學的思想,並詳細研究
其中的中道、八正道和美德的內涵。
Since the financial crisis in 1997, how to achieve long-term stable and sustainable
development of the national economy and society in the midst of globalization has
become an important issue of concern to the Thai society. The Sufficiency Economy
Philosophy was a philosophy introduced and developed by His Majesty King Bhumibol
Adulyadej against the backdrop of socio-economic changes in Thailand at that time.
The philosophy emphasizes ethics alongside with the Middle Path as guiding principles
for people at all levels in pursuit of their livelihoods. It applies to all levels of society,
namely individual, family, community and nation.
The core idea of King Bhumibol's Sufficiency Economy Philosophy is to teach
people based on virtues and knowledge, abiding in Middle Path and following the
Noble Eightfold Path. It postulates that people need to engage in economic activities
under ethical norms, and uphold a moderate, reasonable and prudent mindset. Such an
approach is fundamental for achieving an economic entity that has self-reliance,
resilience and immunity. More specifically, it develops the ability of all levels of society
to not only face financial and other crises, but also cope with the rigorous challenges
driven by the force of globalization where the state of conditions of the world undergo
persistent and rapid changes. Such ability provides the nation with a better capacity to
pursue sustainable development and administration in the current state of global
economy.
This study examines detailed analysis of ideological context of King Bhumibol's
Sufficiency Economy Philosophy based on Buddhist ethics and the Buddha's teaching
of the Middle Path. This study also presents the application of the Noble Eightfold Path
iii
in guiding the development of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy from practical state
to perfect state. Therefore, the core of this thesis is to explore the idea of the Sufficiency
Economy Philosophy, and to study the connotation of the middle path, noble eightfold
path and virtues in details.
一、中文資料(依據年代。泰國專家學者標以[泰]字)

舒馬赫,E.F.(著),1973,Small is Beautiful。李華夏(譯),《小的是美好的》,
2007,南京:譯林出版社。
[泰]佩尤托法師(Payutto, P.A.)(著),1992,Buddhist Economics : A Middle Way
for the Market Place,補訂版。葉舒憲(譯),《佛教經濟學》,2013,法
音。
[泰]佛使比丘,1996,《法的社會主義》,香光書鄉編譯組(譯),香光書鄉。
菩提比丘(編著),1999,《阿毗達摩概要精解》,尋法比丘(譯),高雄:派色
文化出版社。
薩達提沙法師(Saddhatissa, Hammalawa)(著),2003,Buddhist Ethics, Canada:
Wisdom。姚治華、王曉紅(譯),《佛教倫理學》,2007,上海:譯文。
田禾、周方冶(著),2005,《泰國》,北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
呂澂(著),2005,《印度佛學源流略講》,上海人民出版社。
[泰]薩閣林•倪永新(著),2007,適足經濟理論:泰國可持續經濟發展的新路
線,《銀行家期刊》,第5 期。
周方冶(著),2008,全球化進程中泰國的發展道路選擇——充足經濟哲學的理
論、實踐與借鑑,《東南亞研究》,第6 期。
[泰]泰王普美蓬(著),2008,《泰王語錄:適足經濟》,曼谷印刷公司。2019,
筆者摘譯為中文,見附錄。
圓持法師(著),2009,《佛教倫理》,東方出版社。
索爾奈(Zsolnai, L.)(著),2011,The Contributions of Buddhist Economics, in
Ethical Principles and Economic Transformation : A Buddhist Approach,
Spinger,歌者(譯),〈佛教經濟學的貢獻〉,智悲翻譯中心。
趙敬邦(著),2011,從應用角度探討佛教中道思想對環境倫理的啟示,《應用
倫理評論》,第51 期。
朱振明(著),2011,《泰國:獨特的君主立憲制國家》(第二版),香港城市大
學出版社。
陳暉(著),2012,《泰國概論》,熊韜(編),世界圖書出版公司。
裴曉睿(著),2015,《泰學研究在中國: 論文輯錄》(世界圖書出版公司。
119
洪柏智、林盟凱(著),2015,論泰國國王拉瑪九世「知足經濟」思想之實踐與
對泰國發展之啟發,《人文社會科學研究》,第九卷,第一期。
孫炳耀(著),2015,適足經濟視角下的農業經營模式,《中國合作經濟期刊》。
孫健靈(著),2015,佛教經濟學的學術使命與基本概念,《中國合作經濟期刊》,
第20 期。
裴曉睿(著),2015,《泰學研究在中國:論文輯錄》,世界圖書出版公司。
[泰]吳成寶(Jankit Chotigo),2017,《創新發展和充足經濟理念對企業績效
的影響:以泰國農業和可持續發展調查為例》,虎尾科技大學資訊管
理系碩士論文。
顏寗(著),2017,《泰國自給自足經濟之分析:理念與實踐》,國立暨南國際
大學論文。

二、外文資料(依據年代。泰國專家學者標以[泰]字)

Alternative Development: Sufficiency Economy, August 2004, Office of the Royal
Development Projects Board.
Avery, G. C. and Bergsteiner, H. (eds.), 2016, Sufficiency Thinking, London : Allen
& Unwin.
Bergsteiner, H. and Dharmapiya, P., 2016, The sufficiency economy philosophy
process, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.), London : Allen
& Unwin.
[泰]Dharmapiya, P. & Saratun, M., 2016, Cultivating a sufficiency mindset in Thai
schools, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.),
London:Allen & Unwin, pp.129-147.
Grossman, N. and Faulder, D., 2012, King Bhumibol Adulyadej : A Life's Work,
Didier Millet.
Grossman, N., Algie, J., Treerukuarkul, A. (eds.), 2015, Thailand's Sustainable
Development Sourcebook, Didier Millet.
[泰]Himathongkam, T. & Vannapruegs, T., 2016, Sufficiency in Thai healthcare,
Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen &
Unwin, pp.148-163.
[泰]Kaewpijit, J. & Suriyankietkaew, S., 2016.Sufficiency thinking in a prisoner
development program, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.),
London:Allen & Unwin, pp.164-178.
120
[泰]Kantabutra, S., 2016.From philosophy to business practice, Sufficiency
Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen & Unwin,
pp.216-232.
[泰]Kantabutra, S. & Winit, W., 2016, The sufficiency economy in action at Nithi
Foods, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen &
Unwin, pp.181-197.
[泰]Kantamara, P., 2016, The New Theory for the agricultural sector, Sufficiency
Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen & Unwin, pp.55-74.
[泰]Mongsawad, P., 2010, The Philosophy of the Sufficiency Economy: a
Contribution to the Theory of Development, Asia-Pacific Development
Journal.
[泰]Piboolsravut, P., 2004, Sufficiency Economy, ASEAN Economic Bulletin Vol.
21, No. 1, Thailand: Economic Challenges and the Road Ahead.new window
[泰]Petison, P., Prapha, W., & Santiprabhob, V., 2016, Community sufficiency in
Nan province, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.),
London:Allen & Unwin, pp.75-91.
[泰]Rungruang, P. & Ractham, V. V., 2016, Siam Cement Group as a sustainable
enterprise, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner (eds.),
London:Allen & Unwin, pp.198-215.
[泰]Santhirathai, T. S. & Towprayoon, S., 2016.Sufficiency thinking in economic
development and environmental management, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery
and Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen & Unwin, pp.110-126.
[泰]Thongpakde, N., Mongsawad, P., & Bergsteiner,H., 2016.Immoral capitalism:
The need for a new approach, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and Bergsteiner
(eds.), London:Allen & Unwin, pp.17-31.
[泰]Wiboonpongse, A. & Sriboonchitta, S., 2016, The impact of sufficiency
thinking on community Development, Sufficiency Thinking, Avery and
Bergsteiner (eds.), London:Allen & Unwin, pp.92-109.

三、經典資料

《四阿含經》的電子檔,見《大正新修大藏經》,CBETA 漢文大藏經,
http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/T(2019/6/25 瀏覽 )。
121
《五部》的電子檔, 見《漢譯南傳大藏經》,CBETA 漢文大藏經,
http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/N(2019/6/25 瀏覽 )。
四、網路資訊
莊春江(譯),《受用諸欲者經》,《增支部》10 集91 經,
URL = http://agama.buddhason.org/AN/AN1623.htm(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
莊春江(譯),《法輪轉起經》,《相應部》56 相應11 經,
URL = http://agama.buddhason.org/SA/SA0379.htm(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
莊春江(譯),《解析經》,《相應部》45 相應8 經,
URL = http://agama.buddhason.org/SN/SN1203.htm(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
《百法明門論》:《大正新脩大藏經》,Vol. 31, No. 1614,CBETA 電子版:
URL=http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/sutra/chi_pdf/sutra14/T31n16
14.pdf(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
帕奧禪師(著),2003,《智慧之光》,第三版,
URL=http://read.goodweb.net.cn/PDF/p28/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%
E4%B9%8B%E5%85%89.pdf(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
聯合國新聞,2006/5/26,〈安南向泰國王頒發人類發展終身成就獎〉,
URL = https://news.un.org/zh/story/2006/05/55082(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
彼得•桑德(著),2009/06/17,洪慧芳(譯),〈馬多夫騙局:詐欺,貪婪,華爾
街史上最大金融醜聞〉,《Madoff:Corruption,Deceit,and the Making of the
World's Most Notorious Ponzi Scheme》,Suncolor 網站,
URL = https://www.suncolor.com.tw/event/madoff/(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
〈泰國國王蒲美蓬逝世〉,新華國際,2016/10/14,每日頭條網站,
URL = https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/world/8rmaog.html(2019/4/24 瀏覽 )。
許純鎰(著),2018/06/20,〈泰國皇家農場(上):農業永續的
122
「國王哲學」〉,轉角國際網站,
URL=https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8664/3198523
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許純鎰,2018/06/20,〈泰國皇 家農場(下):被永續政策排擠的
少數民族〉,轉角國際網站,
URL=https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8664/3198542
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Birthday Anniversary,Dec.4 1998, at the Dusidalai Hall, Chitralada Villa,
Dusit Palace.
URL =http://kanchanapisek.or.th/speeches/1998/1204.en.html
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The Eleventh Plan (2012-2016),
URL=https://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_w3c/main.php?filename=dev
elop_issue(2019/4/24 瀏覽)。
 
 
 
 
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