:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:國民小學校長智慧領導之研究
作者:劉胤男
作者(外文):LIU, YIN-NAN
校院名稱:國立臺北教育大學
系所名稱:教育經營與管理學系
指導教授:曾錦達
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:國小校長校長領導智慧領導
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:0
本研究旨在探討國小校長智慧領導的內涵,進一步了解國小校長智慧領導的自我覺知情況,並研究分析建構智慧領導的模型。本研究亦分析國小校長不同背景變項於智慧領導各構面之自我覺知情形;再則對於各構面間進行路徑分析,最後驗證本研究理論模型。
本研究採半結構訪談法以及問卷調查法進行,以研究者自編「國民小學校長智慧領導之調查問卷」作為問卷調查工具,調查對象為臺北市、新北市、基隆市、桃園市等四個縣市之公立國小校長,有效問卷共計397份,本研究獲得以下結論:
一、國小校長智慧領導為一歷程,其內涵包含認知、情意、反思、體現、整合、平衡與共好等七個構面。
二、國小校長在智慧領導歷程中,覺知自己在「共好構面」、「體現構面」、「認知構面」表現良好;國小校長在「反思構面」自我覺知尚待加強。
三、國小校長在智慧領導歷程中,於「我能感知解決問題的關鍵並非都只有單一面向」,以及「在領導學校同仁時,我能夠以身作則,身先士卒」其自我覺知情形良好。
四、國小校長在智慧領導歷程中,在「我對於自己已經知道的事情,仍舊保持審慎、懷疑的態度」,以及「面對別人對我的批評,我能冷靜面對,並理性反思以待」自我覺知情形尚待加強。
五、國小校長智慧領導女校長自我覺知情形優於男校長;博士學歷在「反思構面」分數表現上,自我覺知情形最佳,經事後比較達顯著差異;行政年資變項在國小校長智慧領導自我覺知「共好構面」現上,行政年資「17-20年」高於「21年(含)以上」,經事後比較達顯著差異。
六、本研究結果建構之智慧領導模型,國小校長智慧領導可以透過五條不同路徑加以涵育,五條涵育路徑中認知構面→情意構面→整合構面→平衡構面→共好構面」為顯著性最佳之路徑。
七、本研究建議如下:
(一)對教育行政機關之建議:1.以校長專業知能作為智慧領導基石;2.提供多元增能機會;重視校長智慧領導歷程。
(二)對國民小學校長之建議:1.強化校長智慧領導歷程中反思能力;2.培養校長正向心理觀與正向思考能力。
(三)對未來研究發展之建議:1.建議由第三者觀察進行研究;2.採用問題情境營造方式進行。
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the intrinsic value of the elementary school principals' wisdom leadership. Through research we can understand the self-awareness of the elementary school principals' wisdom leadership, and we can construct a model of wisdom leadership,. This study also analyzes the elementary school principals with different backgrounds and their self-awareness of various aspects of wisdom leadership; furthemore, the path analysis is carried out among aspects to finally verify the theoretical model of this study.
This study was conducted using a combination of semi-structured interview method and questionnaire survey method. The researcher independently developed the "Questionnaire for the Wisdom Leadership of Elementary School Principals" as a research tool for the questionnaire survey. The study was conducted among the public elementary school principals from Taipei City, New Taipei City, Keelung City, and Taoyuan City. There are a total of 397 valid questionnaires. This study obtained the following conclusions:
1.The elementary school principals’ wisdom leadership is a journey with characteristics consisting of seven aspects: cognition, affection, reflection, implementation, integration, balance, and common good.
2.In the journey of wisdom leadership, the elementary school principals believe that they have excellent self-awareness on three aspects, "common good",
" implementation ", and “cognition.” There are rooms for improvement for the elementary school principals in the self-awareness of the “reflection” aspect.
3.In the journey of wisdom leadership, the elementary school principals believe that they have excellent self-awareness for attitudes such as "the key to solving problems that I can perceive is not all single-sided", and "when leading school colleagues, I can lead by example and lead the way".
4.In the journey of wisdom leadership, the elementary school principals believe that they have decent self-awareness for attitudes such as, "I still maintain prudence and skepticism for what I already know", and "Facing criticism of me, I can remain calm and treat it objectively and with reason.”
5.The female elementary school principals have better self-awareness of wisdom leadership compared to the male counterparts. The principals with Ph.D. degrees show best self-awareness in the comprehensive scoring of the aspect of “reflection” , and the difference was noticeably significant. As for the variable of years of administrative experience on the self-awareness of wisdom leadership regarding to the aspect of “common good,” the principals with “17-20 years” experience perform better than the ones with “21 years (inclusive) and above” experience and the difference was noticeably significant after the study results were compared later.
6.The results of this research construct a model of wisdom leadership, which can be contained in five paths, the path with the best significance : cognitive aspect → affective aspect → integrated aspect → balanced aspect → common good aspect.
7.The research recommendations are as follows:
(1)To educational administrative agencies: a.The principals’ cognition is the basis of wisdom leadership, and try to provide multiple opportunities for them to enhance it.b.Attach importance to the wisdom leadership of the principal.
(2) To the primary principals:a.Strengthen the principals’ ability to reflect in the process of wisdom leadership.b.To develop the principals’ positive psychological view and positive thinking ability.
(3) Suggestions for future research:a.It is suggested that the research should be observed by a third party; b.The problem situation creation method could be adopted.
中文部分
甘永成(2005)。虛擬學習社區中的知識建構和集體智慧發展:知識管理與e-learning結合的視角。北京市:教育科學。
朱倩儀(2003)。智慧的研究取向及其對高齡者智慧發展的啟示。成人教育,73,20-32。
余民寧(2006)。潛在變項模式: SIMPLIS 的應用。臺北市:高等教育。
吳明清(2001)。教育向前跑-開放社會的教育改革。臺北市:師苑。
吳明隆(2007)。SPSS操作與應用-變異數分析實務。臺北市:五南。
吳芝儀、李奉儒(譯)(2008)。質性研究與評鑑(原作者:Pattion, M. Q.)。嘉義市:濤石。
吳清山(2012)。教育幸福的理念與實踐策略。教育研究月刊,220,5-15。
吳清山(2018)。智慧創造力量-邁向智慧領導之路。2018兩岸城市教育論壇。臺北市。
宋曜廷、潘佩妤(2010)。混合研究在教育研究的應用。教育科學研究,55(4),97-130。
林志成(2004)。校長領導卓越之行動智慧。學校行政,33,10-20。
林志成(2017)。特色學校願景實踐之領導智慧。教育研究月刊,274,55-68。
林明地、梁金都(2014)。國小人員情緒地理的研究:以校長為焦點。當代教育研究季刊,22(4),55-103。
林明地、梁金都(2016)。校長領導與學校集體智慧。臺北市:高等教育。
郭為藩編著(2003)。成人學習:心理學的探討。臺北市:心理。
陳木金(2007)。問題導向學習法與反思學習法在校長學習之應用。載於校長的學習國際學術研討會會議手冊 (237-252),臺北市: 國立臺北教育大學。
陳利銘(2006)。智慧領導模式的評論及其教育實踐,學校行政,44,136-144。
陳利銘、吳壁如(2007)。論智慧與智力。教育研究學報,41(2),69-82。
陳利銘、鄭英耀(2010) 。智慧發展模式的建構與實施建議。應用心理研究,47,189-212。
陳明蕾(2004)。智慧的發展與學習。載於黃富順主編,高齡學習,133-156。
陳詠禎(2016)。校長正向領導對學校教育品質的啟示。教育行政論壇,8(1),115-132。
曾錦達(2009)。領導智慧初探。國民教育,49(6),40-47。
童鳳嬌(2009)。國中校長領導卓越、行動智慧與創新經營關係之研究。國立新竹教育大學教育學系博士論文,未出版,新竹市。
黃乃熒(2009)。從後現代學校行政倫理觀點探索管理智慧── 以一所國民中學 為例,教育研究集刊,55(4), 65-95.
黃子宸、黃秀霜、曾雅瑛(2007)。國民中小學生智慧評量之研發及相關研究探討。測驗學刊,54(1),59-95。
黃武鎮(1997)。有智慧有靈性的學校行政。研習資訊,14(1),1-8。
黃富順(2007)。智慧的發展與適應。載於黃富順、陳如山和黃慈編著,成人發展與適應(頁97-111)。臺北市:國立空中大學。
楊世英(2005)。當創造與智慧相遇: 臺灣華人文化中創造力與智慧的關係。教育資料集刊,30,47-74.
楊世英(2007)。日常生活中智慧的形式與功能。中華心理學刊,49(2),185-204。
楊世英(2008a)。智慧與領導。教育行政—理念與創新。臺北市:高等教育。
楊世英(2008b)。智慧的意涵與歷程。本土心理學研究,29,185-237。
楊世英(2009)。智慧與領導:高等教育場域中的經驗學習。教育政策論壇,12(3),125-162。
楊世英、張鈿富與楊振昇(2006)。智慧與領導的關係,探討透過領導展現的智慧。教育政策論壇,9(4),119-150。
潘小慧(2002)。《論語》中的「智德」思想。哲學與文化月刊,29(7),585-595。
蔡進雄(2010)。國民中小學校長智慧之研究。教育行政論壇,2(2),35-54。
鄭崇趁(2017)。知識教育學 : 智慧人.做創客。臺北市:心理。
盧宸緯(2008)。「智慧」的心理學研究及其對成人教育的啟示。成人及終身教育學刊,10,113-140。
魏美惠(2005)。智力與智慧的比較研究。資優教育季刊,94,29-36。
















英文部分
Achenbaum, W. A . & Lucinda O. (1991). Becoming wise: A psycho-gerontological interpretation of the book of Job. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 32(1), 21-39.
Ackoff, R. L. (1989). From data to wisdom. Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, 16(1), 3-9.
Alammar, F., & Pauleen, D. (2016). Exploring managers’ conceptions of wisdom as management practice. Journal of Management & Organization, 22(4), 550-565.
AM Azure Consulting Ltd. (2007). Wisdom dynamics. Retrieved from http://www.amazureconsulting.com/file/2/40399755/CaseStudyReport.pdf.
AM Azure Consulting Ltd. (2008). The seven pillars of leadership wisdom. Retrieved from http://www.amazureconsulting.com/files/1/91276339/
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A
review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Ardelt, M. (1997). Wisdom and life satisfaction in old age. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52(1), 15-27.
Ardelt, M. (2000a). Antecedents and effects of wisdom in old age: A longitudinal perspective on aging well. Research on Aging, 22(4), 360-394.
Ardelt, M. (2000b). Intellectual versus wisdom-related knowledge: The case for a different kind of learning in the later years of life. Educational Gerontology, 26(8), 771-789.
Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on aging, 25(3), 275-324.
Ardelt, M. (2009). How similar are wise men and women? A comparison across two age cohorts. Research in Human Development, 6(1), 9-26.
Arlin, P. K. (1990). Wisdom: the art of problem finding. Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Assmann, A. (1994). Wholesome knowledge: Concepts of wisdom in a historical and cross-cultural perspective. In D. L. Featherman, R. M. Lerner, & M. Perlmutter (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior. Life-span development and behavior, Vol. 12 (pp. 187–224). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y.(1998). On the evaluation for structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94.
Baltes, P. B.(2004). Wisdom as orchestration of mind and virtue. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
Baltes, P. B., & Kunzmann, U. (2004). The two faces of wisdom: Wisdom as a general theory of knowledge and judgment about excellence in mind and virtue vs. wisdom as everyday realization in people and products. Human Development, 47(5), 290-299.
Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2008). The fascination of wisdom: Its nature, ontogeny, and function. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 56–64.
Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (1993). The search for a psychology of wisdom. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(3), 1-6.
Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologist, 55(1), 122.
Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., Maercker, A., & Smith, J. (1995). People nominated as wise: A comparative study of wisdom-related knowledge. Psychology and aging, 10(2), 155.
Bangen, K. J., Meeks, T. W., & Jeste, D. V. (2013). Defining and assessing wisdom: A review of the literature. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(12), 1254-1266.
Barbuto, J. E., & Millard, M. L. (2012). Wisdom development of leaders: A constructive developmental perspective. Leadership & Entrepreneurship Virginia Beach, VA, 7(2), 233.
Bar-On, R. (2004). Emotional quotient inventory: A measure of emotional intelligence : Technical manual. Toronto, ON: MHS.
Bassett, C. L. (2011). Wisdom and Its Development. In The Oxford Handbook of Reciprocal Adult Development and Learning.
Bennis, W. (2007). The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue. American psychologist, 62(1), 2.
Bernard, M. & Ali, I.(2016) .The Nature of Wisdom in Post-graduate students: An Implicit Theory, Aben, 10, 1-20.
Bierly, P. E., Kessler, E. H., & Christensen, E. W. (2000). Learning knowledge and wisdom. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 13(6), 595-618.
Bigelow, J. (1992). Developing managerial wisdom. Journal of Management Inquiry, 1(2), 143-153.
Birren, J. E., & Fisher, L. M. (1990). The elements of wisdom: Overview and integration. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development (pp. 317-332). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Birren, J. E., & Svensson, C. M. (2005). Wisdom in History. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (Eds.), A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives (pp. 3–31). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Bluck, S., & Glück, J. (2004). Making things better and learning a lesson: Experiencing wisdom across the lifespan. Journal of Personality, 72(3), 543-572.
Boal, K. B., & Hooijberg, R. (2000). Strategic leadership research: Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 515-549.
Bollen, K.A., & Long, J. S.(1993). Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Brienza, J. P., Kung, F. Y., Santos, H. C., Bobocel, D. R., & Grossmann, I. (2018). Wisdom, bias, and balance: Toward a process-sensitive measurement of wisdom-related cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(6), 1093.
Brown, S. C. (2002). A model for wisdom development and its place in career services. Journal of Career Planning and Employment, 62, 29-36.
Brown, S. C., & Greene, J. A. (2006). The wisdom development scale: Translating the conceptual to the concrete. Journal of College Student Development, 47(1), 1-19.
Clayton, V. P., & Birren, J. E. (1980). The development of wisdom across the life span: An reexamination of an ancient topic. Life-span Development and Behavior, 3, 103-155.
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 8th habit: From effectiveness to greatness. Simon and Schuster.
Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
Day, B., Davis, S., & Fitchett, P. (2007). Leadership: A Foundation for “Wisdom and Passion''. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 74(1), 9.
Denney, N. W., Dew, J. R., & Kroupa, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of wisdom: What is it and who has it? Journal of Adult Development, 2(1), 37-47.
Dinkmeyer , D., & Losoncy, L.(2000). Skills of encouragement-bringing out the best in yourself and others. FL:CRC Press LLC.
Edson, R.(2008).Systems thinking. Applied: A primer. Arlington, VA: Applied Systems Thinking(ASysT) Institute.
Elbaz, A. M., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2017). The role of wisdom leadership in increasing job performance: Evidence from the Egyptian tourism sector. Tourism Management, 63, 66-76.
Erikson, E.H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle: selected papers. International Universities Press.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18, 39-50.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge.
Glück, J., & Baltes, P. B. (2006). Using the concept of wisdom to enhance the expression of wisdom knowledge: Not the philosopher's dream but differential effects of developmental preparedness. Psychology and Aging, 21(4), 679.
Greaves, E. C., Zacher, H., McKenna, B., & Rooney, D. (2014). Wisdom and narcissism as predictors of transformational leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 335-358.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C.(1998). Multivariate data analysis(5th). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International.
Hammer, M. (2002). The getting and keeping fo wisdom: Inter-generational knowledge transfer in a changing public service. Retrieved from http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/research/knowledge/wisdom_e.pdf
Holliday, S. G., & Chandler, M. J. (1986). Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence. Contributions to Human Development, 17, 100.
Horn, J. L., & Blankson, N. (2005). Foundations for Better Understanding of Cognitive Abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests, and Issues (pp. 41–68). The Guilford Press.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Intezari, A. (2013). Wisdom and decision making: grounding theory in management practice: a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).
Jacques, E., & Clement, S. D. (1991). Executive Leadership. A Practical Guide to Managing. Complexity, Cason Hall, Arlington, Va.
Jason, L. A., Reichler, A., King, C., Madsen, D., Camacho, J., & Marchese, W. (2001). The measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort. Journal of community psychology, 29(5), 585-598.
Jeste, D. V., & Oswald, A. J. (2014). Individual and societal wisdom: explaining the paradox of human aging and high well-being. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 77(4), 317-330.
Ji, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture, autobiographical memory, and
behavioral frequency reports: Measurement issues in cross-cultural studies.
Personality and social psychology bulletin, 26(5), 585-593.
Jones, C. A. (2005). Wisdom paradigms for the enhancement of ethical and profitable business practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(4), 363-375.
Katz, R. L. (2009). Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review Press.
Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self: Problem and process in human adult development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Kessler, E. H., & Bailey, J. M. (2007). Introduction: Understanding, applying, and developing organizational and managerial wisdom. In E. H. Kessler & J. R. Bailey (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational and Managerial Wisdom (pp. xv–lxxiv). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Executive wisdom: Coaching and the emergence of virtuous leaders. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kitchener, K. S., & Brenner, H. G. (1990). Wisdom and Reflective Judgment: knowing in the face of uncertainty. Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, 212.
Korac-Kakabadse, N., Korac-Kakabadse, A., & Kouzmin, A. (2001). Leadership renewal: Towards the philosophy of wisdom. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 67(2), 207-227.
Kramer, D. A. (2000). Wisdom as a classical source of human strength: Conceptualization and empirical inquiry. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 83-101.
Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). The Psychology of Wisdom: Theoretical and Empirical Challenges. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (Eds.), A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives (110–135). Cambridge University Press.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1980). Beyond formal operations: Uses and limits of pure logic in life-span development. Human Development, 23(3), 141-161.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1982). Dynamic development and mature autonomy. Human Development, 25(3), 161-191.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1990). Wisdom as integrated thought: Historical and developmental perspectives. Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, 62, 83.
Levitt H. M. (1999). The development of wisdom: An analysis of Tibetan Buddhist experience . Journal of humanistic Psychology, 39(2), 86-105.
Lewis, J., & Ritchie, J. (2003). Generalising from qualitative research. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, 2, 347-362.
Ludden, V. (2013). Wisdom model for leaders. Unpublished Manuscript, Marion: Indiana Wesleyan University.
Malan, L. C., & Kriger, M. P. (1998). Making sense of managerial wisdom. Journal of Management Inquiry, 7(3), 242-251.
McKenna, B., Rooney, D., & Boal, K. B. (2009). Wisdom principles as a meta-theoretical basis for evaluating leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 177-190.
Meacham, J. A. (1983). Wisdom and the context of knowledge: Knowing that one doesn’t know. On the development of developmental psychology, 8, 111-134.
Merriam, S. B. (2002). Assessing and evaluating qualitative research. Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis, 1, 18-36.
Merseth, K. K. (1990). Case studies and teacher education. Teacher Education Quarterly, 17(1), 53-62.
Michael ,L. T, Katherine J. B., Ardelt, M & Dilip V. J.(2015). Development of a 12-item abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12): item selection and psychometric properties. Assessment, 24(1), 72-82.
Mohammed, U. D., Yusuf, M. O., Sanni, I. M., Ifeyinwa, T. N., Bature, N. U., & Kazeem, A. O. (2014). The relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance in organizations. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(22), 1-11.
Montgomery, A., Barber, C., & McKee, P. (2002). A phenomenological study of wisdom in later life. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 54, 139-157
Moody, H. R. (1983, November). Wisdom and the search for meaning. In 36th annual meetings of the Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco, CA.
Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Harding, F. D., Jacobs, T. O., & Fleishman, E. A. (2000). Leadership skills for a changing world: Solving complex social problems. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), 11-35.
Najoli, H. J. (2012). Wisdom and organizational citizenship behavior in leaders. Indiana Wesleyan University.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (2011). The Wise Leader. Harvard Business Review, 89 (5), 58-67.
Northouse, P. G. (2004): Leadership: Theory and practice. London: Sage.
Orwoll, L., & Achenbaum, A. (1993). Gender and the development of wisdom. Human Development, 36(5), 274-296.
Orwoll, L., & Perlmutter, M. (1990). The study of wise persons: Integrating a personality perspective. Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, 160-177.
Perkins, D. N. (2001). Wisdom in the wild. Educational Psychologist, 36(4), 265-268.
Perlmutter, M., Adams, C., Nyquist, L., & Kaplan, C. (1988). Beliefs about wisdom. Unpublished data.
Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A Handbook and Classification. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Petran, M. P. (2008). An exploratory study of executive transformational leadership, wisdom, and emotional intelligence in management process turnaround situations. Pepperdine University.
Piaget, J. (1972).The psychology of intelligence. Totowa, NJ: Littlefield Adams.
Plato. (1957). Theaetetus! Plato’s theory of knowledge: The “Theatetus” and the “Sophist” of Plato (F. M. Conford, Trans). New York: Bobbs-Merrill.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The leadership quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Prewitt, V. R. (2002). Wisdom in the workplace. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 15(1), 84-98.
Reynolds, D. (2003). A study of U.S. chief executive officers' managerial wisdom (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. (UMI No. 3096567)
Rooney, D., & McKenna, B. (2008). Wisdom in public administration: Looking for a sociology of wise practice. Public Administration Review, 68(4), 709-721.
Rowley, J., (2006). What do we need to know about wisdom? Management Decision, 44(9), 1246-1257.
Schulenburg, C. A. (2017). Perceptions of Wisdom by Organizational Leaders. IN, Indiana Wesleyan University.
Schwartz, B. and Sharpe, K.E. (2006), “Practical wisdom: Aristotle meets positive psychology”. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 377-395.
Small, M. W. (2004). Wisdom and new managerial wisdom: Do they have a place in management development programs? Journal of Management Development, 23(8), 751-764.
Spano, S. L. (2013). Wisdom and leadership: A constructive-developmental perspective. CA, Fielding Graduate University.
Staudinger, U. M. & Baltes, P. B. (1996).Interactive minds: A facilitative setting for wisdom-related performance? Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(4), 746-762.
Staudinger, U. M. (1996). Wisdom and the social-interactive foundation of the mind. In P. B. Baltes & U. M. Staudinger (Eds.), Interactive mind: Life-span perspectives on the social foundation of cognition (pp. 276-315). London, England: Cambridge University Press.
Staudinger, U. M. (1999). Older and wiser? Integrating results on the relationship between age and wisdom-related performance. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 23(3), 641-664.
Staudinger, U. M., & Glück, J. (2011). Psychological wisdom research: Commonalities and differences in a growing field. Annual review of psychology, 62, 215-241.
Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 607-627.
Sternberg, R. J. (1990). Wisdom and its relations to intelligence and creativity. Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, 142-159.
Sternberg, R. J. (1998). A balance theory of wisdom. Review of general psychology, 2(4), 347-365.
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Intelligence and wisdom. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp.631-649). NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Why schools should teach for wisdom: The balance theory of  wisdom in educational settings. Educational psychologist, 36(4), 227-245.-
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Wisdom, intelligence and creativity synthesized. NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2005a). A model of educational leadership: Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. International Journal of leadership in Education, 8(4), 347-364.
Sternberg, R. J.(2005b). Older but not wiser? The relationship between age and wisdom. Ageing International, 30(1), 5-26.
Sternberg, R. J. (2007). A system model of leadership. American Psychologist, 62(1), 34–42.
Sternberg, R. J. (2013). Personal wisdom in the balance. The scientific study of personal wisdom (pp. 53-74). Berlin: Springer Netherlands.
Sternberg, R., & Jordan, J. (Eds.). (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. London: Cambridge University Press.
Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press.
Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. London: Cambridge University Press.
Takahashi, M. (2000). Toward a culturally inclusive understanding of wisdom: Historical roots in the East and West. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 51(3), 217-230.
Takayama, M. (2002). The concept of wisdom and wise people in Japan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Tokyo university, Japan.
Takahashi, M., & Bordia, P. (2000). The concept of wisdom: A cross‐cultural comparison. International Journal of Psychology, 35(1), 1-9.
Tashakkori. A., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Thomas, M. L., Bangen, K. J., Ardelt, M., & Jeste, D. V. (2017). Development of a 12-Item Abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12) Item Selection and Psychometric Properties. Assessment, 24(1), 71-82.
Ubben, G. C., Hughes, L. W., & Norris, C. J. (2001). The principal: Creative leadership for effective schools. Allyn & Bacon/Longman Publishing, a Pearson Education Company, 1760 Gould Street, Needham Heights, MA 02494. Web site: http://www. abacon. com.
Water, J. A. (1980). Managerial skill development. Academy of Management Review, 5(3), 449-453.
Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale. Journal of Adult Development, 10(1), 13-22.
Webster, J. D. (2010). Wisdom and positive psychosocial values in young adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 17(2), 70-80.
Weststrate, N. M., & Glück, J. (2017). Hard-earned wisdom: Exploratory processing of difficult life experience is positively associated with wisdom. Developmental Psychology, 53(4), 800–814.
Wink, P., & Helson, R. (1997). Practical and transcendent wisdom: Their nature and some longitudinal findings. Journal of Adult Development, 4(1), 1-15.
Wittgenstein, L. (1986). Philosophical investigations (3rd ed., G. E. M. Anscombe, P. M. S. Hacker, & J. Schulte, Trans.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Basil Blackewell & Mott. (Original work published 1958)
Xu, J. (2011). Primary and secondary school principal training research based on implicit wisdom. Educate, 11(1), 31-43.
Yang, S. Y. (2001). Conceptions of wisdom among Taiwanese Chinese. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 32(6), 662-680.
Yang, S. Y. (2008a). A process view of wisdom. Journal of Adult Development, 15(2), 62-75.
Yang, S. Y. (2008b). Real-life contextual manifestations of wisdom. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 67(4), 273-303.
Yang, S. Y. (2011). Wisdom displayed through leadership: Exploring leadership-related wisdom. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), 616-632.
Yang, S. Y. (2013). Wisdom and good lives: A process perspective. New Ideas in Psychology, 31(3), 194-201.
Yang, S. Y. (2014).From personal striving to positive influences. In M. Ferrari & N. Weststrate (Eds.), The scientific study of personal wisdom (pp.115–135). New York: Springer.
Yang, S. Y. (2017). The complex relations between wisdom and significant life learning. Journal of Adult Development, 24(4), 227-238.
Yang, S. Y., & Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Taiwanese Chinese people's conceptions of intelligence. Intelligence, 25(1), 21-36.
Zacher, H., Pearce, L. K., Rooney, D., & McKenna, B. (2014). Leaders’ personal wisdom and leader–member exchange quality: The role of individualized consideration. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), 171-187.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE