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題名：藉由技術軌跡與知識來源來呈現並探索電子支付
作者：陳裕隆
作者(外文)：CHEN YU-LONG
校院名稱：朝陽科技大學
系所名稱：企業管理系台灣產業策略發展博士班
指導教授：賴奎魁
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2021
主題關鍵詞：技術軌跡；專利引用；電子支付；社會網路分析；知識流；Technology Trajectory；Patent Citation；Electronic Payment；Social Network Analysis；Knowledge Flow
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技術軌跡包含很豐富且很有價值有關技術發展，及其潛力影響後續發展方向的資訊。本文以E-Payment技術為例，藉由呈現技術發展軌跡，並探索了來自不同區域和各技術領域知識來源的貢獻。
技術軌跡演化過程中，不同時期會有不同軌跡現象，如技術發展上產生收斂、發散、融合、鎖定及主流等。為找出電子支付技術軌跡現象，本研究以美國專利及商標局(USPTO)專利資料庫為資料來源，運用關鍵字，以M-Trends平台進行專利檢索，結合專利分析、社會網路分析Netminer工具，以及導入Pajek軟體進行主路徑分析，以此研究框架，進行探索。
根據研究結果，電子支付產業技術從專利權屬國來看，由美國所主導技術發展。美國Qualcomm公司與Firethorn Mobile公司結合，於技術發展主路徑，有關鍵技術主導地位。從專利權人來看，屬VISA及Mastercard技術研發投入最多，顯現出未來技術發展之領導地位。
依專利主路徑分析研究結果顯示，自1983年至2007年間，技術多元發展，相關技術領域知識擴張，尚無明確之主流技術出現，屬於技術萌芽期。2008年技術發展現象產生變化，出現技術融合，並處於技術鎖定狀態，至2013年在關鍵主路徑上出現有關於交易安全之「身分驗證」專利，在此核心專利技術出現後，產生技術爆炸，各項技術在此時期迅速發展，迄今仍繼續發生。2008年起迄今，在專利公告件數，處於技術高度成長階段，故可視為技術生命週期之成長期。另以主要技術分析，支付安全是整個支付產業的核心技術。所依賴發展出的相關技術中，以NFC技術發展趨勢最強，其次為雲端計算相關技術。
Technological trajectory contains very rich and valuable related information on technological development and its potential to influence the subsequent development direction. This research takes E-Payment technology as an example and by presenting technological development trajectory to explore the contributions of knowledge sources from different regions and various technical fields.
In the process of technological trajectory evolution, different trajectory phenomena appear in different periods, such as convergence, divergence, fusion, lock-in and dominant design in technological development. In order to find out the phenomenon of electronic payment technology trajectory, this research uses patent database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) as data source, and uses keywords to conduct patent search on the M-Trends platform, and moreover combines patent analysis, social network analysis tool Netminer, and then imports software Pajek for main path analysis, and finally uses this research framework for further exploration.
According to the research results, E-payment industry technology is dominated by the United States from the perspective of country’s patent ownership. The combination of American Qualcomm and Firethorn Mobile has the key technology leading position on the main path of technological development. From the perspective of patentees, VISA and Mastercard have invested the most in technology research and development to show their leading position in future technology development.
According to the main path analysis of patents, the research results showed that from year 1983 to year 2007, technology had developed diversified and knowledge in related technical fields had already expanded. No vivid dominant design technology had emerged, which belongs to the embryonic stage of technology. In year 2008, the phenomenon of technological development had changed with the technological fusion, and the technology was locked-in. Followed by year 2013, a patent for “identity verification” on transaction security appeared on the key main path. After the emergence of this core patent technology, a technological explosion occurred. Various technologies developed rapidly during this period and had continued to occur so far. Since year 2008, the number of patent announcements had been in a stage of high technological growth, so it can be regarded as the growth stage of technology life cycle. In addition to the main technical analysis, payment security is the core technology of entire payment industry. Among the related technologies that have been developed, NFC technology has the strongest development trend, followed by cloud computing related technologies
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