The purpose of this study is to explore how the Homen–inn system, such a modern social work, can develop a new aid model and its influence on Taiwanese society in the mid of Japanese rule, and make a review and evaluation of the system. This study explains how the Homen–inn can achieve the practice of "prevention of poverty" through "life survey" and "life protection guidance", as well as cooperation with support groups, and presents the situation of Taiwan society's adaptation to the Homen–inn system.The Homen–inn system has undergone a gradual adaptation process in Japan, but it is directly transplanted in Taiwan. Its implementation basis is different. Therefore, from the research, we can find out the cultural adaptation problems that arise when it is implemented in Taiwan, and further explore it as a new social work. This study explores the activities of the Homen–inn , including the work of the Homen–inn, support groups, education and training, cooperation networks etc., and finally conducts a comprehensive evaluation and review of the system’s colonial rule and social history meaning.The object of assistance by the Homen–inn is obtained in an objective way, and the execution of the assistance is also carried out in an objective way, which fully demonstrates the progress of the Homen–inn system in the rescue method. The improvement of aid technology is actually the biggest contribution of the Homen–inn system to social work. In addition, the Homen–inn system uses life surveys to grasp the livelihood activities of the poor, which has also become a means for the colonial government to control colonial society.