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題名:古希臘哲學幸福觀與聖奧古斯丁幸福觀的比較及其在教育上的蘊義
作者:温瀅雅
作者(外文):Wen, Ying-Ya
校院名稱:臺北市立大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:但昭偉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:幸福觀柏拉圖亞里斯多德聖奧古斯丁教育與幸福Conceptions of HappinessPlatoAristotleSt. AugustineEducation and Happiness
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本研究旨在比較聖奧古斯丁與古希臘先哲的幸福觀與柏拉圖、亞里斯多德與聖奧古斯丁幸福觀的差別,藉以凸顯聖奧古斯丁幸福觀獨特之處。第一章為前言,簡述研究動機、目的,以及研究方法、文獻探討以及章節編排,第二章探柏拉圖的幸福觀,第三章則探討亞里斯多德的幸福觀,接著第四章援引聖奧古斯丁《懺悔錄》中「卡西奇亞克姆」(Cassiciacum)和「歐斯提亞」(Ostia)兩處經驗、分析聖奧古斯丁的幸福觀。第五章陳述聖奧古斯丁幸福觀在教育上的意涵,及其有別於柏拉圖與亞里斯多德之處:教育的目的對於聖奧古斯丁而言,是使人能得著真正的幸福,而真正的幸福就是認識 神。其與兩位古希臘先哲的差別,源於其文化背景,古希臘文化背景源自希臘神話的多神論,而聖奧古斯丁則為一神論的基督教,前者發展成為人本主義,基督教則強調神的恩典。兩位先哲所討論到、尋求幸福的方法,不外乎靠自身的努力,而聖奧古斯丁則是尋求 神的指引。雖然完全的幸福在此生似乎渺不可得,聖奧古斯丁卻用歐斯提亞經驗告訴讀者、並非完全不可希冀,實則可以藉著信、望、愛,在此生就窺得其梗概,兩位先哲雖企思成聖,卻力有未逮,聖奧古斯丁則藉著基督的愛,在永恆中尋得幸福,他是三位哲學家之中、唯一找到現世與永恆福祉之間關聯的一位。
This study aims to make a comparison of St. Augustine’s views on happiness with those of the two of his Ancient Greek predecessors, Plato and Aristotle. From their differences and similarities, the distinction of St. Augustine’s conceptions of happiness hopefully will be exposed. The first chapter is an introduction to this study, where the research method, literature review, and the plan of this study, along with the motive and objective of this study, are presented. The second is about Plato’s conceptions of happiness. In the third chapter, it is Aristotle’s conceptions of happiness that are perused. St. Augustine’s views of happiness are examined in Chapter Four, in which his experiences at Cassiciacum and Ostia are especially included as examples illustrating the otherworldliness of his views on happiness. In the final chapter, the educational implications of this comparative study are proposed. What distinguishes St. Augustine from his two predecessors is that, for him, the aim of education is to enable one to find happiness, which, in turn, is to know the Truth, God Himself.
The major differences between St. Augustine and his two predecessors originate from their cultural background. The two Greek philosophers come from a cultural background of polytheist Greek and Roman mythology, while St. Augustine’s faith is in monotheist Christianity. The former developed into humanism, whereas the latter relies on the doctrine of God’s grace. The two predecessors seek happiness on their own, whereas St. Augustine resort to the Lord for guidance. Despite that eternal bliss seems hard to achieve in this life, the Ostia experience of St. Augustine demonstrates how it is like in heaven and, and the possibility to have a glimpse or taste of it in this life by means of faith, hope and love. The two predecessors hope for the way to become like a god but do not find it. St. Augustine finds the way to the eternal bliss in the love of Jesus Christ. Among the three of them, St. Augustine is the only one who finds the link between happiness in this life and that in eternity.
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