In the past, the scholars of porcelain history mostly focused on the development of exported porcelain of Jingdezhen kilns and Arita kilns and rarely discussed the difference of styles of porcelain patterns in China and Japan under the influence of national consumer markets in the 17th century. Chinese and Japanese porcelain consumers’ esthetic conception was significantly different and the models of pattern development were not the same. This study treated Jingdezhen porcelain and Arita porcelain as subjects, focused on pattern, the special painting material and by research method of style analysis, it compared visual cultures of China and Japan constructed by the domestic markets in the 17th century and proposed two kinds of porcelain pattern development: “Jingdezhen model” and “Arita model”. By considering the cultural subjectivity of the two countries instead of lopsided influence theory, it leads to the reflection on the exchange between Chinese and Japanese cultures. Besides, based on the background of maritime trading in East Asia, this study pondered on the exchange of different cultures and how they respectively responded to the domestic political and economic conditions and further created the style of pattern with local features.