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題名:Are Travel Companies ready to Respond with International Travel Decision-Making in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Hybrid Method Research
作者:吳偉德
作者(外文):Wei-De Wu
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:張東生
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:後COVID-19時代運營困境決策實驗室分析法網路層級分析法Post-COVID-19 EraOperational PredicamentDEMATELDANP
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隨著新冠病毒大流行對旅遊業造成嚴重打擊,感染病毒的威脅與遊客旅遊的流動性無法並存。因此,全球邊境關閉和旅行禁令迫使旅遊公司停止運營。再者,大多數旅遊公司都是中小型企業,其重大影響了行業的可持續性發展。這項研究提供了實務意義。事實上,之前已經發表了許多回應旅遊業的研究文獻。但是,缺乏對單一行業的微觀視角研究。本研究旨在探討後COVID-19時代旅遊公司經營困境的決策方法。該研究採用混合方法,特別是對專家進行深入訪談的質性方法和對專家進行決策試驗和評估實驗室(DEMATEL)和分析網絡過程(ANP)問卷調查的量化方法。採用了臺灣旅遊公司專家為研究背景,18名來自旅遊公司的高層管理人員。產生了三個構面、六個標準因子和一個關鍵標準因子,並繪製了因果圖來闡明標準因子之間的關係。
結果表明,強制性保險協議是解決國際旅行的關鍵標準因子。也是旅遊公司即時決策的最重要標準因子;當旅遊公司受到疫情影響時,強制保險協議將解決運營困境。研究發現,安全管理策略標準因子不影響其他標準因子,意味著旅遊企業無法有效執行該標準因子來解決困境,避免該標準因子的實施是必要的。最後,疫苗政策與疫苗護照的可行性有關,但這一標準因子尚不能有效落實。疫苗政策涉及國際關係、政治問題等因素,影響疫苗接種的公平性和普遍性。DANP分析,最重要的結構是衛生健康,重要的標準因子是疫苗政策。這是一項重要的研究成果。
本研究還為旅遊業的決策者提供研究文獻和實務意義。這些見解旨在為旅遊公司提供有關,如何為可持續發展做準備的知識。
With the new coronavirus pandemic causing severely hit the tourism industry, and the threat of infection virus and the mobility of tourists’ travel cannot coexist. Consequently, the closure of borders and travel bans worldwide have forced travel companies to cease operations. Furthermore, most travel companies are small and medium-sized enterprises, they significantly affect the sustainability of the industry. This research has several practical implications. Indeed, many previous research literatures responding of the tourism industry have been published. However, a micro-perspective on a single industry is lacking. The purpose of this research is to address the decision-making method of travel companies' operational predicaments in the post-COVID-19 era. The research adopts a hybrid method, specifically in-depth interviews of experts for a qualitative approach and a Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) questionnaire survey among experts for a quantitative approach. Taiwan travel companies are used a research background, and 18 senior management from travel companies. Three constructs, six criteria factors, and one key criteria factor were produced, and a causal diagram was drawn to clarify the relationship among the criteria factors.
Results indicate that mandatory insurance protocol is the key criteria factor in solving international travel. It is also the most significant criteria factor of travel companies to make immediate decision-making; when a travel company is impacted by the pandemic, the mandatory insurance protocol will solve the operational predicament. The study found that the safety management strategy criteria factor, which does not affect other criteria factors, which means the travel companies cannot effectively implement this criteria factor to solve the predicament, and obviating the implementation of this criteria factor is necessary. Finally, vaccine policy is related to the feasibility of vaccine passports, however, this criteria factor cannot be effectively implemented yet. Vaccine policy involves international relations, political issues, and other factors, which affect the fairness and universality of vaccination. The DANP analysis, the most important construct is Health of hygiene, the significant criteria factor is Vaccine policy. This is a significant outcome of research.
This article also provides research literature and practical implications for decision-makers in the travel industry. The insights are intended to equip them with knowledge on how to prepare for sustainable development.
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