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題名：穿戴式裝置產品設計指標及其驗證之研究-以銀髮族穿戴式裝置為例
作者：王藝淇
作者(外文)：WANG,I-CHI
校院名稱：國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱：工業教育與技術學系
指導教授：廖錦文
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2022
主題關鍵詞：穿戴式裝置；產品設計指標；銀髮族穿戴式裝置；wearable device；indicators of product design；wearable device for the silver-haired group
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本研究旨在以專家的觀點，透過專家問卷廣泛性的探究以建構穿戴式裝置產品設計指標，其次輔以驗證使用者之實際需求與感受，以提供相關產業未來在設計適用某使用族群穿戴式裝置時之參考依據。首先，在專家問卷部分，本研究以橘色科技的觀點探究穿戴式產品人本科技的本質，彙整穿戴式裝置之相關文獻，初擬發展穿戴式裝置產品設計指標；接著邀請13位產業專家、學者與醫療保健人員分別組成模糊德爾菲專家小組與網路層級分析小組，應用模糊德爾菲法進行二回合反覆修正、合併、增減問卷，俟專家意見取得一致性，以篩選專家對於穿戴式裝置產品設計指標；接著採取決策實驗室分析基礎之網路層級分析法進行分析，採用成對比較方式評估指標的重要性，整合專家意見進行統計分析，以取得指標間因果關係、權重及重要程度排序；其次，在消費者問卷部分，針對台灣地區408位有使用穿載式裝置經驗及390位未使用穿載式裝置經驗之50歳以上銀髮族分別進行重要性與滿意度驗證，並結合決策實驗室分析基礎之網路層級分析法所得之專家權重值與銀髮族之重要性-表現分析結果進行探討分析。
依據研究目的，獲致本研究結果如下所述：
壹、在穿戴式裝置的設計中，以健康與居家監控功能為設計的重點，為能達成功能強化的目標，至少必須考量產品設計的三大內涵，即為愉悅與成功的用戶體驗、裝置感測元件與資料應用的結合，以及以人為本的傳感技術。
貳、穿戴式裝置產品設計指標分為「幸福科技」、「關懷科技」與「健康科技」等3項構面、6項準則以及16項設計指標。
參、穿戴式裝置產品設計指標，以「功能強化」、「未來展望」與「質量外型」準則及「智慧性」、「前瞻性」、「整合性」、「客製化」、「連結性」、「耗能性」、「相容性」與「外觀性」等指標為主要影響因子，藉由其功能或品質之強化，進而帶動其他指標效能的提升，乃為穿戴式裝置業者重視之產品設計方向。
肆、專家認為本研究之穿戴式裝置產品設計指標重要程度等級，分別以「相容性」、「前瞻性」、「整合性」、「舒適性」、「外觀性」、「客製化」與「智慧性」為相對重視的評估因素。
伍、在消費者銀髮族認知最重視之產品屬性為「方便性」、「舒適性」、「安全性」，銀髮族對於穿戴式裝置產品屬性的重視度不會因使用經驗而產生差異；此外，在銀髮族認知的滿意度中，最高的產品屬性為「安全性」、「方便性」及「舒適性」，且銀髮族對於「屬性重視度」的整體性認知顯著高於對「屬性滿意度」的整體性認知。
陸、建構重要性-表現分析知覺矩陣，其評估結果，「相容性」為應優先改善；次要改善屬性分別為：「客製化」、「連結性」、「互動性」、「前瞻性」、「整合性」。
綜上所述，依據專家的觀點與銀髮族之實際感知結果，本研究發現如下：
壹、在供需雙方對於穿戴式裝置產品屬性確實存在重視落差。從專家與銀髮族重要性排序比對坐標圖可知，「方便性」、「客製化」、「耗能性」、「準確性」、「相容性」、「前瞻性」和「整合性」等七項設計指標屬於兩者重視落差較為分歧之產品屬性。藉由供需雙方重視落差之綜合分析，以獲得權衡及改善之效果。
貳、根據專家的觀點與銀髮族之重視落差原因，進一步提出「最具優勢」之產品設計屬性為「舒適性」、「智慧性」、「隱私性」、「方便性」、「安全性」；其次是「永續性」、「可靠性」、「準確性」、「耗能性」。表示銀髮族認為這些設計指標很重要，給人的感知表現都高於平均水準，可以滿足其自我健康管理上的需求。而銀髮族穿戴裝置相關產業應持續保持此相對優勢，甚至突破有限資源及技術困境，以獲得更多消費者的青睞。
This study aims to construct indicators of product design for wearable devices through extensive exploration of expert questionnaires from the perspective of experts and then to verify users’ actual needs and feelings, in order to provide reference to the relevant industries when designing wearable devices suitable for a certain user group in the future. Firstly, in the part of expert questionnaires, this study explored the essence of human-centered technology in wearable products from the perspective of orange technology, collected relevant literature on wearable devices, and initially developed key factors and indicators of wearable device design. Next, 13 experts of the industry, scholars and health care personnel were invited to form a fuzzy Delphi expert group and an analytic network process group respectively, and the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was employed to conduct two rounds of repeated corrections, mergers, additions and subtractions of questionnaires. When experts came to an agreement, the key factors and indicators of wearable device design based on experts’ opinions were selected. Subsequently, the DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) was used for analysis, the importance of indicators was evaluated by paired comparison, and expert opinions were integrated for statistical analysis, so as to obtain the cause-and-effect relationship, weight, and importance rating among indicators. Secondly, in the part of consumer questionnaires, this study was targeted at the silver-haired people over 50 years old who have used wearable devices and those who have never used wearable devices in Taiwan; among them, 408 experienced and 390 inexperienced seniors were respectively verified with an importance-performance analysis (IPA). Furthermore, this study explored and analyzed weight values of the experts and IPA results of the silver-haired group obtained from the integrated method of DEMATEL-based Analytical Hierarchy Network (DANP).
According to the research purpose, the results of this study are stated as follows:
1.In the design of wearable devices, health and home monitoring functions are the focus of the design. To achieve the goal of functional enhancement, at least three major connotations of product design must be considered, that is, users’ happy and successful experience, the combination of device sensing elements and data applications, and human-centered sensing technologies.
2.The indicators of product design for wearable devices are divided into 3 dimensions, including “happiness technology”, “care technology”, and “health technology”, 6 criteria and 16 design indicators.
3.The indicators of the product design for wearable devices treat not only criteria of “functional enhancement”, “future outlook”, and “quality appearance” but also indicators of “smartness”, “foresightedness”, “integratability”, “individualized”, “connectivity”, “power efficiency”, “compatibility”, and “appearance” as the main influence factors. Through the enhancement of their function or quality, the improvement of other indicators’ performance can be made as well. That is the product design direction to which the wearable device industry pays attention.
4.Experts believe that the importance levels of the product design indicators for wearable devices in this study are “compatibility”, “foresightedness”, “integratability”, “comfortableness”, “appearance”, “individualized”, and “smartness”, which are relatively important evaluation factors.
5.From the perspective of silver-haired consumers, the most important product attributes are “ease of use”, “comfortableness”, and “security”. The silver-haired people’s attention to the product attributes of wearable devices will not be different due to their experience of use. In addition, in the satisfaction recognized by the silver-haired group, the highest product attributes are “security”, “ease of use”, and “comfortableness”. Also, the silver-haired group’s overall recognition of “attribute importance” is significantly higher than that of “attribute satisfaction”.
6.The importance-performance analysis perception matrix is constructed, and its evaluation result suggests that “compatibility” should be prioritized for improvement; the secondary improvement attributes are: individualized, connectivity, interactivity, foresightedness, and integratability.
To sum up, according to the opinions of experts and the actual perception results of the silver-haired group, the findings of this study are listed as follows:
1.There is indeed a gap in the importance of product attributes for wearable devices between the sides of supply and demand. From the coordinate chart of the importance ranking of experts and seniors, it can be seen that seven design indicators, including “ease of use”, “individualized”, “power efficiency”, “accuracy”, “compatibility”, “foresightedness”, and “integratability”, belong to the product attributes with different emphasis on the difference between the two. Through the comprehensive analysis of the gap in importance between the supply and demand sides, we can obtain the effect of trade-off and improvement.
2.According to the opinions of experts and the reasons for the gap in the importance recognized by the silver-haired group, this study further proposes that “the most advantageous” attributes for product design are “comfortableness”, “smartness”, “privacy”, “ease of use”, and “security”, followed by “sustainability”, “reliability”, “accuracy”, and “power efficiency”. That shows the silver-haired people think that these design indicators are very important, and the perceived performance is higher than the average level, which can meet the needs of their self-health management. The related industries of wearable devices for the silver-haired group should continue to maintain this relative advantage, and even break through the limited resources and technical difficulties, in order to gain more consumers’ favor.
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