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題名:水下文化資產保存之立法與展望—聯合國教科文組織公約與臺灣、中國法律之比較
作者:傅瓊慧
作者(外文):Chiung-Hui Fu
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:中國與亞太區域研究所
指導教授:林文程
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:水下文化遺產水下文化資產保存法管轄權所有權屬國際合作underwater cultural heritageUnderwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Actjurisdictionownershipinternational cooperation
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聯合國教育、科學及文化組織於2001年通過《水下文化遺產保護公約》,公約秘書處除致力於倡導各會員國批准、同意、接受或加入公約外,亦鼓勵各締約國檢視其內國法律與公約進行調和,期讓公約成為國際上水下文化遺產保護一致適用的最低標準。
我國《水下文化資產保存法》於草擬之際,即以公約內容為基準納入草案條文規定,然在法制化過程中,部分條文內容受到其他政府機關(構)、各領域專家學者意見、以及另一重要法律《文化資產保存法》所建立的陸上文化遺產保護機制等國內環境因素影響,而成為具臺灣本土特色的水下文化遺產保護法制。中國《水下文物保護管理條例》則先於《水下文化遺產保護公約》訂定,其後雖有專家學者提出應與公約調和之建議,然其後續於2018年的修正草案,僅納入部分公約原則。
文化決策雖與一般政治性決策環境影響因素不甚相同,惟聯合國教科文組織《水下文化遺產保護公約》係為各國政治角力下之產物,臺海兩岸水下文化遺產之法律、行政制度就本質而言,仍可適用於一般公共政策的決策方式,故本文將以政治學的系統論及決策理論為研究途徑,嘗試分析聯合國教科文組織《水下文化遺產保護公約》、我國《水下文化資產保存法》及中國《水下文物保護管理條例》法制產出的環境、決策參與者、決策過程及後續政策執行等,特別是決策過程中的爭論議題,並提出我國在將《水下文化遺產保護公約》內國法化過程中未加以考慮,但於未來可能面臨的執行問題,供未來相關從業人員或後續研究人員參考。
The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage was adopted in 2001. The Secretariat of the Convention endeavored to advocate with the Member States for the ratification, approval, acceptance, and accession to the Convention. Meanwhile, the Convention is expected of the basic standard of international underwater cultural heritage protection by encouraging its States Parties to review and harmonize the Convention and their domestic laws.
In Taiwan, the context of the Convention was considered and absorbed as standard into the draft of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act. Nevertheless, some articles were influenced by domestic factors, such as other government branches, experts in all respects, and the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act (that is a significant act and established a series of cultural heritage protection mechanisms on land). These bring significance to the underwater cultural heritage protection legal system in Taiwan. On the other hand, the People''s Republic of China Regulations concerning the Administration of the Work for Protection of Underwater Cultural Relics were established in China before the Convention was adopted. Despite the propositions by experts that the Regulations should be reviewed and harmonized with the Convention, merely of the Convention is included in the Regulations through the amendment in 2018.
Generally, cultural decision-making is different from political decision-making. Since the Convention was established under international political struggles, owning to the essences of the laws and public administrations could apply the underwater cultural heritage on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to the usual public policy decision-making procedure. Therefore, through the approach to system theory and decision-making theory of politics, this dissertation aims to analyze the diversities of their decision-making background, participants, procedure, and the execution in following, especially controversial issues during the decision-making among the UNESCO Convention, the Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in Taiwan, and the Regulations of the People''s Republic of China Concerning the Administration of the Work for Protection of Underwater Cultural Relics in China. Moreover, it argues some follow-up policy implementation issues what did not consider during the harmonization of the Convention into domestic law. This study provides some references for relevant practitioners or follow-up researchers in the future.
一、中文部分:
(一)專書
1.文化部文化資產局,2017/09。《水下文化資產保存法法規彙編》。臺中:文化部文化資產局。
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(二)專書論文
1.黃光男,2000/12。〈水下考古的歷史性意義〉,《海峽兩岸水下考古學術研討會論文集》。臺北:國立歷史博物館。頁5-12。
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4.胡念祖,2010/12。〈聯合國教科文組織水下文化遺產保護公約與台灣國內立法〉,李麗芳主編,《水下文化資產保護國際圓桌會議論文集》, 臺中:行政院文化建設委員會文化資產總管理處籌備處。頁118-142。

(三)期刊論文
1.李佳麗,2007/12。〈海峽兩岸在水下文化遺產保護方面的合作研究〉,《中國海洋法學評論》,2007年第2輯,頁98-114。
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3.傅崐成,2003/6。〈聯合國教科文組織2001年《保護水下文化遺產公約》評析〉,《廈門大學法律評論》,第5輯,頁210-230。
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(四)學位論文
1.藺明忠,2003。《水下考古活動發展與水下文化遺產保護法制之研究》。基隆:國立海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文。
2.薛雄飛,2012。《水下文化遺產保護法制與實踐之研究》。基隆:國立臺灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文。
3.謝賢麟,2014。《水下文化遺產之國際法研究》。臺南:國立成功大學海洋科技與事務研究所碩士論文。
4.洪益祥,2016。《水下文化資產保存法制問題之研究》。嘉義:國立中正大學法律學系碩士論文。

(五)研討會論文
1.王晶,2018/06/20-21。〈1989年中華人民共和國水下文物保護管理條例修訂的主要問題〉,「2018兩岸水下文化資產法律、政策及實務論壇」。基隆:國立臺灣海洋大學,頁3-18。
2.林蓁,2018/06/20-21。〈大陸水下文化遺產保護立法的新發展及其對兩岸水下文化遺產保護合作的影響〉,「2018 兩岸水下文化資產法律、政策及實務論壇實錄」。基隆:國立臺灣海洋大學。頁43-56。
3.郭冉,2018/06/20-21。〈保護水下文化遺產公約與21世紀海上絲綢之路建設〉,「2018兩岸水下文化資產法律、政策及實務論壇實錄」。基隆:國立臺灣海洋大學。頁83-100。
4.張建華,2019/07/13-14。〈大陸水下文化遺產保護法制建設〉,「水下文化資產之保護與合作–第九屆海峽兩岸文化資產保護論壇論文集」。臺北:文化部文化資產局。頁29-35。

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39.行政院國家科學委員會,2011/05/12。〈有關文化建設委員會函報中華民國水下文化資產保存法草案總說明暨條文等一案,復如說明,請查照〉,臺會文字第1000027863號函。
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41.經濟部水利署,2010/06/30。〈檢送本署有關「中華民國水下文化資產保護條例」之建議表乙份,請察照〉,經水綜字第09914004010號函。

(七)研究計畫
1.張國城,2015/10/31。《決策的本質:解釋古巴飛彈危機經典譯注計畫(計畫編號:MOST 103-2410-H-038-001-)》。臺北:科技部。
2.臧振華,中央研究院歷史語言研究所,2021/07/20。《水下文化資產列冊管理及水下目標物驗證計畫(110年度)期中報告(計畫編號:11003261)》。臺中:文化部文化資產局。
3.胡念祖,國立中山大學海洋政策研究中心,2016/12。《水下文化資產保存法相關法制委託研究案期末研究報告(上冊)》。臺中:文化部文化資產局。
4.胡念祖,國立中山大學海洋政策研究中心,2019/04/10。《「我國水下文化資產保存法令立法歷史之研究」計畫案成果報告》。臺中:文化部文化資產局。
(八)網際網路
1.人民日報,2014/12/30。〈兩岸學者合寫報告就兩岸南海合作提建議〉,《人民日報》,
2.中央通訊社,2019/11/07。〈文化部擬組織改造 設博物館司文化產業署〉,《中央通訊社》,
3.中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2011/1。〈中華人民共和國水下文物保護管理條例〉,《國務院公報》,《中國政府網》,.
4.中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2019/03/19。《司法部關於〈水下文物保護管理條例〉(修訂草案送審稿)公開徵求意見的通知》,《中國政府網》,
5.中國新聞社,2011/08/31。〈談中國水下考古國際合作歷程〉,《中國新聞網》,< http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2011/08-31/3296688.shtml >。
6.中國評論新聞,2012/7/13。〈李國強:兩岸南海合作 人文領域不可忽視〉,《中國評論新聞網》,
7.文化部文化資產局,《水下文化資產資訊網》,
8.文化部文化資產局,〈組織團隊〉,《文化部文化資產局》,
9.文化部文化資產局,2017/03/01。〈106年度本局單位預算〉,《文化部文化資產局》,
10.立法院,2015/9/10。〈水下文化資產保存法草案行政院提案版本〉,《立法院議案關係文書》,院總第1082號,頁政119-135,《立法院》,
11.立法院,2015/11/18。〈水下文化資產保存法草案審查報告行政院提案說明〉,《立法院議案關係文書》,院總第1082號,頁討11-155,《立法院》,
12.立法院國會圖書館,2015/11/24。《水下文化資產保存法》,《立法院法律系統》,
13.自由時報,2005/08/08。〈澎湖沉船謎未解 又掀打撈熱〉,《自由時報》,
14.行政院,2021/05/01。〈修正「水域開發利用前水下文化資產調查及處理辦法」部分條文總說明與對照表〉,《行政院公報》,第26卷第80期,《行政院》,
15.行政院,2021/06/18。〈文化部令:修正「以水下文化資產為標的之活動管理辦法」〉,《行政院公報》,第27卷第112期,《行政院》,
16.行政院公共工程委員會,2016/12/26。〈水下文化資產資料庫及系統建置計畫案決標公告〉,《政府採購網》,
17.行政院公共工程委員會,2019/05/10。〈水下文化資產保存教育綱領方案暨推廣計畫決標公告〉,《政府採購網》,
18.法務部,《水下文化資產保存法》,《全國法規資料庫》,
19.法務部,〈立法總說明、條文對照表〉,《水下文化資產保存法施行細則》,《全國法規資料庫》,
20.陳淑美,1995/07。〈古沉船秘密解凍?〉,《台灣光華雜誌》,
21.國家文物局,2016/02/06。〈中華人民共和國考古涉外工作管理辦法〉,《國家文物局》,
< http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2016/2/6/art_2301_44485.html >。
22.國家文物局,2017/02/21。〈關於印發《國家文物事業發展”十三五”規劃》的通知,《國家文物局》〉,
< http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2017/2/27/art_2237_43663.html>。
23.國家文物局,2018/2/11。〈《國家文物局關於徵求中華人民共和國水下文物保護管理條例修訂草案(徵求意見稿)意見的通知》〉,《國家文物局》,< http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2018/2/11/art_2318_28953.html>。
24.國家文物局考古研究中心,2016/12/13。〈中沙簽署塞林港聯合考古發掘合作協議〉,《國家文物局考古研究中心》,< http://www.uch-china.com/art/2016/12/23/art_1705_35859.html>。
25.國家發展委員會,〈文化部歷史與文化資產維護發展(第三期)計畫〉,
26.國家發展委員會公共政策網路參與平臺,〈文化部水下文化資產保存維護管理(第一期)計畫(109-112年)(109年辦理情形)〉,

二、英文部分
(一)專書
1.Dromgoole, Sarah, 2014. Underwater Cultural Heritage and International Law. Third Printing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2.Forrest, Craig, and Bill Jeffery, 2018. Underwater Cultural Heritage Related Legislation and Programme Review in the Five Countries in Micronesia. Samoa: UNESCO Office in Apia.
3.Garabello, Roberta and Tullio Scovazzi, 2003. The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Before and after the 2001 UNESCO Convention. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
4.Allison, Graham T., 1971. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
5.Maarleveld, Thijs J., Guérin, Ulrike and Barbara Egger, 2013. Manual for Activities directed at Underwater Cultural Heritage: Guidelines to the Annex of the UNESCO 2001 Convention. Paris: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
6.O’Keefe, Patrick J., 2014. Shipwrecked Heritage: A Commentary on the UNESCO Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage. Second Edition, Leicester: Institute of Art and Law Ltd.
7.Strati, Anastasia, 1995. The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: An Emerging Objective of the Contemporary Law of the Sea. Netherlands: Springer.
8.UNESCO, 2015. Heritage for Peace and Reconciliation: Safeguarding the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the First World War, Paris: UNESCO.

(二)專書論文
1.Grenier, Robert, 2006. “The Making of the Annex: Archaeology and the Convention,” in Lyndel V. Prott eds., Finishing the Interrupted Voyage: Papers of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Workshop on the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. UK: Institute of Art and Law. pp.110-120.
2.Lund, Carsten, 2006. “The Making of the UNESCO Convention 2001,” in Lyndel V. Prott eds., Finishing the Interrupted Voyage: Papers of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Workshop on the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. UK: Institute of Art and Law. pp.14-19.

(三)期刊論文
1.Lu, Bingbin and Shichao Zhou, March 2016. “China’s state-led working model on protection of underwater cultural heritage: Practice, challenges, and possible solutions”, Marine Policy, Vol.65, pp.39-47.
2.Cogliati-Bantz, Vincent P. & Craig J. S. Forrest, 2013/11/15. “Consistent: The Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol.2, Issue 3, pp.536-561.
3.Dromgoole, Sarah, 2003. “2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage”, The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol.18, Issue 1, pp. 59-108.
4.Perez-Alvaro, Elena and Craig Forrest, 2018/08. “Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Disputed South China Sea”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp.375-401.
5.Forrest, Craig, 2002/7. “A New International Regime for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp.511-554.
6.Fu, Kuen-chen, 2003. “Current Legal Developments: China”, The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol.18, No.1, pp.109-126.
7.Hoagland, Porter, 1997. “Managing the Underwater Cultural Resources of the China Seas: A Comparison of Public Policies in Mainland China and Taiwan”, International Journal of Marine & Coastal Law, Vo1.l2, No.2, pp. 265-283.
8.Hu, Nien-Tsu Alfred, 2008/11/15. “The 2001 UNESCO Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention and Taiwan’s Domestic Legal Regime”, Ocean Development & International Law, Vol.39, Issue 4, pp.372-394.
9.International Cultural Property Society, 1997. “The Buenos Aires Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol 6, no. 1, pp. 121-127.
10.Liu, Lina and Shuguang Liu, 2013. “From Difference to Convergence: A Comparative Analysis of the Development of the Legal Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage in China and the 2001 Convention”, Comparative Maritime Law, Vol. 167, pp.149-165.
11.Monfils, Rean, Trevor Gilbert, and Sefanaia Nawadra, 2006. “Sunken WWII Shipwrecks of the Pacific and East Asia: The Need for Regional Collaboration to Address the Potential Marine Pollution Threat”, Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 49, Issue 9-10, pp.779-788.
12.Nafziger, James A. R., 1997. “The Buenos Aires Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp.119-120.
13.O’Keefe, Patrick J., 1999. “Second Meeting of Governmental Experts to Consider the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp.568-574.
14.O’Keefe, Patrick J., 2002. “Fourth Meeting of Governmental Experts to Consider the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp.168-172.
15.Hoagland, Porter, 1997. “Managing the Underwater Cultural Resources of the China Seas: A Comparison of Public Policies in Mainland China and Taiwan”, International Journal of Marine & Coastal Law, Vo1.l2, Issue 2, pp.265-283.
16.Varmer, Ole, Jefferson Gray and David Alberg, 2010. “United States: Responses to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage”, Journal of Maritime Archaeology, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp.129-141.

(四)研討會論文
1.Clément, Etienne, 2017. “The Elaboration of the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,” in The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage: how do we make it work? Amersfoort: Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, pp. 5-12.
2.Guerin, Ulrike, 2001. “Objectives, Benefits to States Parties, and Implementation of the UNESCO Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage,” in Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in International Waters Adjacent to the UK: Proceedings of the JNAPC 21st Anniversary Seminar, Robert A. Yorke, eds., London: The Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee, pp. 30-37.
3.Guerin, Ulrike, 2014, “Status and Development of Ratifications,” in Towards Ratification: Papers from the 2013 AIMA Conference Workshop, Graeme Henderson and Andrew Viduka, eds., Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, pp. 27-28.
4.L’Hour, Michel, 2010/11. “An Update on France’s Position Regarding the UNESCO Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention.’ in Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in International Waters Adjacent to the UK: Proceedings of the JNAPC 21st Anniversary Seminar, edited by Robert A. Yorke, London: The Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee. p. 63.
5.Nakanishi, Yumiko, Rintaro Ono, Norimitsu Sakagami, Hironobu Kan and Chiaki Katagiri, 2017/11/27-12/2. “Developing the Foundation for Sustainable Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage Starting from Local Involvement: Case Studies in Okinawa,” paper presented at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage, Hong Kong: Hong Kong Maritime Museum.

(五)官方文件
1.Hayes, Margaret F., 2004/02/05. “Protection of Sunken Warships, Military Aircraft and Other Sunken Government Property,” Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 24. U.S. Government Publishing Office, pp.5647-5648.
2.Park Canada, 1998. Guidelines for Evaluating Shipwrecks of National Historic Significance in Canada.
3.Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe, 1978/10/04. Recommendation 848 on the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Pace.
4.Senate of the Philippine, 2004. An Act Providing for the Protection and Conservation of All Objects of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Philippine Waters. Thirteenth Congress of the Republic of the Philippines.
5.UNESCO, 1993/06/17. Decisions Adopted by the Executive Board at Its 141st Session, 141 EX/Decisions + CORR. Paris, 10-28 May 1993.
6.UNESCO, 1995/6/29. Decisions Adopted by the Executive Board at Its 146th Session, 146 EX/Decisions. Paris, 16 May-2 June 1995; Fez, 3-4 June 1995.
7.UNESCO, 1997/07/03. Decisions Adopted by the Executive Board at Its 151st Session, 151 EX/Decisions + Appendix. Paris, 26 May-12 June 1997.
8.UNESCO, 2007. Decisions Adopted by the Executive Board at Its 177th Session, Paris, 25 September - 31 October 2007, 177 EX/DECISIONS, UNESCO, Executive Board, 177th Session, 2007.
9.UNESCO, 1999/8/18. Draft Convention Concerning the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 30 C/30, The UNESCO General Conference, 30th Session, 1999.
10.UNESCO, 1995/3/23. Feasibility Study for the Drafting of a New Instrument for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 146EX/27. Executive Board, 146th Session, 1995.
11.UNESCO, 2011/05/08. Final Report & Recommendations and Resolutions, UCH/11/2.STAB/220/7, Scientific and Technical Advisory Body, 2nd Meeting, Paris, 2011.
12.UNESCO, 1998. Final Report of the Meeting of Governmental Experts on the Draft Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT.98/CONF.202/7, Meeting of Governmental Experts on the Draft Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Paris, 1998.
13.UNESCO, 1999/08. Final Report of the Second Meeting of Governmental Experts on the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT.99/CONF.204.
14.UNESCO, 2000/08. Final Report of the Third Meeting of Governmental Experts on the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France, 3-7 July 2000, CLT.2000/CONF.201/7.
15.UNESCO, 2001. Fourth Meeting of Governmental Experts on the Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Paris, UNESCO Headquarters, 26 March-6 April 2001: Consolidated Working Paper, CLT.2001/CONF.203/INF.3.
16.UNESCO, 1998/09/25. Invitations to a Second Meeting of Government Experts to Consider the Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 155 EX/9, UNESCO, Executive Board, 155th Session, 1998.
17.UNESCO, 2019/04/12. Item 5 of the Provisional Agenda: Report on the activities of the Secretariat, UCH/19/7.MSP/5, Meeting of States Parties, 7th Session, Paris, UNESCO Headquarters, 20-21 June 2019.
18.UNESCO, Model for a National Act on the Protection of Cultural Heritage.
19.UNESCO, 2015/08. Operational Guidelines for the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT/HER/CHP/OG 1/REV.
20.UNESCO, 1995/10/4. Preliminary Study on the Advisability of Preparing an International Instrument for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 28 C/39 + ADD. The UNESCO General Conference, 28th session, 1995.
21.UNESCO, 2007/08/31. Proposal for the Establishment of a Regional Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar, Croatia, as a Category 2 Centre under the Auspices of UNESCO, 177 EX/67 + ADD., UNESCO. Executive Board, 177th Session, 2007.
22.UNESCO, 1996. Records of the General Conference, 28th Session, Paris, 25 October to 16 November 1995, v. 1: Resolutions, 28 C/Resolutions.
23.UNESCO, 1998. Records of the General Conference, 29th session, Paris, 21 October to 12 November 1997, v. 1: Resolutions, 29 C/Resolutions + CORR. The UNESCO General Conference, 29th Session, 1997.
24.UNESCO, 2000. Records of the General Conference, 30th Session, Paris, 26 October to 17 November 1999, v. 1: Resolutions, 30 C/Resolutions + CORR. The UNESCO General Conference, 30th Session, 1999.
25.UNESCO, 2002. Records of the General Conference, 31st Session, Paris, 15 October to 3 November 2001, v. 1: Resolutions, 31 C/Resolutions + CORR. The UNESCO General Conference, 31st Session, 2001.
26.UNESCO, 2007. Records of the General Conference, 34th session, Paris, 16 October - 2 November 2007, v. 1: Resolutions, 34 C/Resolutions + CORR., The UNESCO General Conference, 34th Session, 2007.
27.UNESCO, 2017/06/01. Report, UCH/17/8.STAB/10, Scientific and Technical Advisory Body, 8th Meeting, Paris, 2017.
28.UNESCO, 2018/06/08. Report, UCH/18/9.STAB/11, Scientific and Technical Advisory Body, 9th Meeting, Paris, 2018.
29.UNESCO, 1997/08/05. Report by the Director-General on Action Taken of Concerning the Desirability of Preparing an International Instrument for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 29 C/22, The UNESCO General Conference, 29th Session, 1997.
30.UNESCO, 1997/03/12. Report by the Director-General on the Findings of the Meeting of Experts Concerning the Preparation of an International Instrument for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 151 EX/10 + ADD. UNESCO, Executive Board, 151st Session, Paris, 1997.
31.UNESCO, 1993/03/26. Report by the Director-General on the Reinforcement of UNESCO Action for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage,141 EX/18. UNESCO, Executive Board, 141st Session, 1993.
32.UNESCO, 2013/05/31. Resolutions, UCH/13/4.MSP/220/10 REV., Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 4th Session, Paris, 2013.
33.UNESCO, 2015/05/05. Resolutions, UCH/15/5.MSP/11, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 5th Session, Paris, 2015.
34.UNESCO, 2017/06/27. Resolutions, UCH/17/6.MSP/12 REV., Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 6th Session, Paris, 2017.
35.UNESCO, 2019/08/19. Resolutions, UCH/19/7.MSP/14, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 7th Session, Paris, 2019.
36.UNESCO, 2011/06/01. Resolutions of the Meeting, UCH/11/3.MSP/220/11 REV2, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 3rd Session, Paris, 2011.
37.UNESCO, 2018/04/24. Resolutions and Recommendations, UCH/18/9.STAB/10, Scientific and Technical Advisory Body, 9th Meeting, Paris, 2018.
38.UNESCO, 2020/10/08. Resolutions and Recommendations, UCH/20/11.STAB/11, Scientific and Technical Advisory Body, 11th Meeting, Online, 2020.
39.UNESCO, 2009. Rules of Procedure of the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT/CEM/UCH/2019/1, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 7th, Paris, 2019.
40.UNESCO, 2019. Statutes of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Body to the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT/CEM/UCH/2019/2, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 7th Session, Paris, 2019.
41.UNESCO, 2019/04/08. Summary Record of the Sixth Session of the Meeting of States Parties, UCH/19/7.MSP/3REV, Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 7th Session, Paris, 2019
42.UNESCO, 1999/04. Synoptic Report of Comments on the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, CLT.99/CONF.204/5, Meeting of Governmental Experts to Consider the Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, 2nd Meeting, Paris, 1999.
43.UNESCO, 2000/06. Third Meeting of Governmental Experts to Consider the Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Synoptic Report of Comments on the Draft Convention, Paris, 3 - 7 July 2000, CLT.2000/CONF.201/CLD.1.
44.U.S. Department of State, 2009. Observer Statement by the United States of America, Meeting of States Parties to UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, March 26-27, 2009 Paris, France.

(六)研究計畫
1.Varmer, Ole, 2014. Underwater Cultural Heritage Law Study, (OCS Study, BOEM 2014-005). VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.

(七)網際網路
1.Antony J. Blinken, 2021/10/26. “Supporting Taiwan’s Participation in the UN System”, Press Releases, U.S. Department of State, .
2.APCONF, 2021. “Home,” Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage, < http://www.apconf.org/>.
3.Archéologie Sous-Marine, Ministère de la Culture, .
4.Australian Government, 2018. “Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018,” Federal Register of Legislation, .
5.Australian Government, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database, .
6.Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, 2007/10/10. “Australia and the Netherlands Concerning Old Dutch Shipwrecks”, .
7.Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, 2015. “Memorandum of Understanding for Collaboration Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage Management,” .
8.Blumberg, Robert C., 2005/3/12. “International Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage,” paper presented at the University of Virginia Center for Oceans Law and Policy’s Annual Conference on Law of the Sea Issues in the East and South China Seas. Xiamen, China,
< https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/oes/rls/rm/51256.htm >.
9.Cambridge University Press, 1997/1. “The Buenos Aires Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage”, International Journal of Cultural Property, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 121-127, .
10.Centre Database on Legal Normative Documents, “Decree on Management and Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage,” .
11.Cultural Heritage Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, International Policy, .
12.Division for Sustainable Development, UN-DESA, Agenda 21, .
13.Erickson, Andrew S. and Kevin Bond, 2015/07/20. “Archaeology and the South China Sea,” The Diplomat,
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14.EU, “The Navis I and Navis II Project, .
15.European University Institute, 1988. “The Monuments and Historic Buildings Act 1988,” Netherlands, The International Art and Heritage Laws Database, .
16.European University Institute, 1994. “Heritage Conservation Act,” Sweden, The International Art and Heritage Laws Database, .
17.European University Institute, 2002. “Law No. 3028/2002, for the Protection of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage in General,” Greece, The International Art and Heritage Laws Database, < https://www.eui.eu/Projects/InternationalArtHeritageLaw/Documents/NationalLegislation/Greece/3028eng.pdf >.
18.FAO, 2005. “Decree No. 8612005fmd-Cp of July 8, 2005 on Management and Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage,” .
19.Global Environment Facility, 2001/9. “A Guide for Self-Assessment of Country Capacity Needs for Global Environmental Management,” .
20.ICOMOS, 1996/10. “Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Archaeological Heritage,” Documentation Centre,
< https://www.icomos.org/en/faq-doccen/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/161-charter-on-the-protection-and-management-of-underwater-cultural-heritage >.
21.ICUA, “About Centre,” International centre for underwater archaeology in Zadar, .
22.InforMEA, 2006. “National Heritage Act (Act No. 645),” .
23.International Congress of Maritime Museums, “Underwater Archaeology Resolutions.” < https://acuaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/ICMM-Archaeology-Policy.pdf>.
24.International Law Commission, 1969. “Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969,” Office of Legal Affairs, UN, .
25.Irish Wrecks Database, Irish Wrecks, .
26.Lovdata, 1978. “Cultural Heritage Act,” Norway, Act concerning the cultural heritage, .
27.MUCHU, “Introduction,” .
28.Flecker, Michael, 2015/05/06. “Archaeology could wreck China’s sea claims”, Today Online, .
29.National Park Service, 1979. “Archaeological Resources Protection Act,” National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, .
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