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題名：嚴肅遊戲設計對不同認知能力年長者之注意力及執行能力影響研究
作者：黃英傑
作者(外文)：Ying-Kit Wong
校院名稱：大同大學
系所名稱：設計科學研究所
指導教授：吳志富
涂永祥
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2022
主題關鍵詞：嚴肅遊戲；認知能力；注意力；執行能力；年長者；Serious game；Cognitive ability；attention；executive function；elderly
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隨著年紀的增長，認知能力也會隨著時間慢慢下降。其中注意力和執行能力是認知能力的重要要素，這兩方面的能力下降也特別顯著。因此本研究之目的是經由嚴肅遊戲訓練提升不同認知能力的年長者注意力及執行能力，通過使用認知能力量表檢查他們的認知程度，並且分析嚴肅遊戲之設計因素。
本實驗是透過嚴肅遊戲訓練，分析注意力及執行能力的效果，以及分析遊戲機制之設計因素的影響。本研究針對兩個不同族群之年長者，邀請健康年長者與MCI輕度認知障礙年長者參加嚴肅遊戲訓練(實驗組)和傳統紙筆計算訓練(對照組)。受測者都被安排每天訓練時間為最少要有十五分鐘，每星期要有五天，總共八星期。本研究使用遊戲機制的三個獨立自變數 (困難度、壓力、互動競爭)，各自變數有兩個水準。通過使用成對樣本T檢定，分析比對四款認知量表的前測和後測分數，包括 D-CAT, SAT 為注意力評估；TMT-A, TMT-B 為執行能力評估，結果顯示受測者(實驗組)訓練後注意力及執行能力都有顯著提升，受測者(對照組)訓練後注意力有顯著進步，但是執行能力沒有顯著進步。ANOVA 及 MANCOVA結果顯示困難度和壓力都有顯著的主效果和有顯著的交互作用。
然後，獨立樣本T檢定結果顯示實驗組與對照組的前測平均值相近及沒有存在顯著差異。兩組的後測分數結果顯示實驗組的後測平均值更高及兩組的大部分結果存在顯著差異。最後，健康年長者和MCI年長者的嚴肅遊戲前測後測比較結果，發現健康年長者的平均分數進步幅度比較大，而MCI年長者的平均分數進步幅度比較小，這證明了此嚴肅遊戲設計對健康年長者的效果更好。
As people getting older, human’s cognitive ability also decreases gradually. Attention and executive function are the main factors of cognitive ability, and they drop significantly when aging happens. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to increase the attention and executive function of elderly by using the serious game. And also, finding out the key design factors of a serious game which can help seniors.
In this study, we analyst the effect of the attention and executive function of elderly, also the key design factors of the game. There are two group of participants who are healthy seniors and mild cognitive impairment seniors. They were invited to join this serious game training experiment, it is an 8 weeks program, subjects need to practice no less than 15 minutes every day, 5 days every week.
About the serious game, three independent variables were used in this experiment, they are the difficulty, pressure, and competition. By using paired-sample t-test, pre-test and post-test results were significant different. Also, ANOVA and MANCOVA showed difficulty and pressure factors had significant main effect and interaction effect. About the traditional calculation training, there were significant effect in attention, but did not have significant effect in executive function.
Finally, we compared the pre-test result of serious game and traditional calculation, it showed that there were no significant different. But there are significant different in the post-test results. Also, by using the serious game, the test scores improvement of heathy senior group’s is much higher than the MCI senior group, this result shows that the healthy seniors can improve the attention and executive function more than the MCI seniors by doing this serious game training.
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