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題名:阻力型與耐力型選手心血管特性和身體組成之探討
作者:許仁豪
作者(外文):Hsu, Jen-Hao
校院名稱:臺北市立大學
系所名稱:競技運動訓練研究所
指導教授:陳奕良
楊艾倫
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:耐力型運動阻力型運動身體組成心率變異度動脈硬化endurance exerciseresistance exercisebody compositionheart rate variabilityarteriosclerosis
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目的:本文主要研究耐力型運動(羽毛球)及阻力型(健美)之運動員,針對長期做不同運動模式,探討兩者之間生理之差異。本研究目的主要探討耐力型運動(羽毛球)及阻力型(健美)的運動員身體組成、心率變異度及動脈硬化,比較兩種運動模式之差異,希望對未來運動員的訓練及教練課表的安排能有所幫助。方法:本研究招集男性羽毛球選手20位平均年齡為21歲和18位男性健美選手平均年齡為23歲。受試者使用DEXA測量身體組成,配戴Polar錶測量安靜時之心率變異度,使用PWV動脈硬化測量動脈硬化程度。將用其檢測結果比較兩者兩種運動模式的差異。結果:本研究從兩組皆接受專業且長期訓練之運動員發現,在身體組成比較中,BMI是耐力型運動(羽毛球)之運動員顯著低於阻力型(健美)之運動員(P<0.05),而在骨質密度耐力型運動(羽毛球)之運動員是高於阻力型(健美)之運動員(P<0.05);另外在心律變異度的比較中只有總功率耐力型有氧運動(羽毛球)之運動員顯著於高於阻力型無氧(健美)之運動員(P<0.05),也代表耐力型有氧運動(羽毛球) 之運動員副交感神經的活性優於阻力型無氧(健美) 之運動員;另外,在動脈硬化中ABI耐力型有氧運動(羽毛球)之運動員顯著低於阻力型無氧(健美)之運動員 (P<0.05),也表示出耐力型運動(羽毛球)之運動員的動脈硬化程度是比阻力型無氧(健美)之運動員來的低。結論:長期做耐力型運動(羽毛球)及阻力型運動(健美)的專業運動員,兩者不同的運動模式對生體組成、心律變異度及動脈硬化是長期做耐力型運動(羽毛球)較佳,另外,本研究發現長期做不同模式的運動對心率變異度及動脈硬化程度存在部分差異。希望有更多可以針對不同種類的運動以及運動員或針對不同的年齡層進行研究,使選手避免受傷,也讓教練在訓練上做出適當的調整,促使我國的運動成績能更進步。
Purpose: This article studies the physiological differences between long term athletes who focus on endurance-type of exercise e.g., badminton players, and resistance-type e.g., bodybuilders. The main focus of this study is to compare the body composition, heart rate variability, and arteriosclerosis between the two types of athletes to further improve the training conditions and type of exercise to be given in the future. Methods: For this study, 20 male badminton players with an average age of 21, and 18 bodybuilders with an average age 23 were selected. The selected participants’ body composition was measured using DEXA, and they were given a Polar watch to measure their resting heart rate, and PWV Arteriosclerosis was used to measure the degree of stiffness in the participants muscles. The test results were then compared between the two groups of participants. Results: The comparison between the two groups of athletes who have undergone professional training for a long period of time showed a significant difference between BMI with the badminton players having a lower BMI than the bodybuilders(P<0.05). On top of that, the badminton players were also found to have a higher resistance in bone density as compared to the bodybuilders(P<0.05). In addition, the badminton players also scored higher than the bodybuilders for the comparison of heart rate variability(P<0.05), which shows that athletes who focus on aerobic, endurance-type exercise has better parasympathetic nerve activity than athletes who focus on resistance-type exercise. However, the badminton players scored lower on the ABI endurance than the bodybuilders(P<0.05), which indicates that athletes who focuses on resistance-type of exercise has a higher degree of arteriosclerosis than those who focuses on endurance-type exercise. Conclusion: Studying two groups of long-term professional athletes, those who focus on endurance aerobic exercises, and those who focus on resistance-type exercises, we can see how the different exercise modes have affected the athletes’ body composition, heart rate variability, and arteriosclerosis. This study has found that long-term exercises between the two different types has partial differences in heart rate variability and arteriosclerosis. Hopefully, there will be more studies conducted in the future on different types of athletes, sports, and age group. This is important to study so that we can know how athletes can prevent injuries, and also make appropriate adjustments in training and types of exercises to be carried out in order to improve the country’s overall performance in sports.
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