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題名：《哥林多前書》和《哥林多後書》修辭技巧研究 以《和合本聖經》為例
作者：陳姿瑤
作者(外文)：CHEN, TZU-YAO
校院名稱：輔仁大學
系所名稱：跨文化研究所比較文學與跨文化研究博士班
指導教授：康士林
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2023
主題關鍵詞：保羅；哥林多前書；哥林多後書；修辭技巧；希臘羅馬修辭學；漢語修辭學；《和合本聖經》；Paul；1st Corinthian；2nd Corinthian；rhetorical devices；Greco-Roman rhetoric；Classical Chinese rhetoric；Chinese Union Bible
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正如使徒行傳18:1-17所述，哥林多教會是保羅和同工亞波羅在第二次佈道旅途中約於西元50年所建。在哥林多教會牧養18個月後，使徒保羅和其他傳教士前往他地繼續傳教。哥林多教會是現代教會的歷史參考，是新約時代的一部分。
為了解決哥林多教會面臨的問題，使徒保羅寫了多封書信，現在被整合後納入正典稱為《哥林多前書》和《哥林多後書》。保羅在《哥林多前書》中解決教會的問題，以促進會眾之間的團結與和平。在《哥林多後書》中，保羅以自辯及抗辯回應哥林多信徒的指責和批評。這些書信展現高度發展的修辭技巧，利用了植根於一世紀希臘羅馬修辭傳統的說服、論證、自辯及護教技巧。儘管如此，保羅澄清說，他依靠聖靈的力量而不是口才或智慧（哥林多後書2:1）來傳播福音。
然而，保羅在他的書信中使用修辭技巧來說服人是顯而易見的。本論文使用西元1919 年翻譯成白話文的《和合本聖經》為例，分析並查看保羅修辭技巧的運用在古典希臘羅馬及古漢語修辭傳統下修辭技巧對中文《和合本聖經》譯本的影響及效果。
本論文採用中國古典修辭傳統和古典希臘羅馬修辭傳統作為方法論，討論保羅如何使用修辭手段來說服、論證、自辯及護教。重點是四種保羅常用的修辭手法：隱喻、對比、反問和重複。這些技巧雖然基本，但卻是大多數語言和溝通的基本要素。
本論文旨在研究《哥林多前書》和《哥林多前書》中保羅語言的中文《和合本》的說服力，並聚焦於四種修辭手段。 透過評估各修辭技巧的效果，論文確定了它們對保羅論證有效性的貢獻。 儘管保羅使用了其他修辭手段，但由於其為保羅高頻率使用且文法基礎性強，本文重點關注這四種修辭手段。
研究問題：（1）古典漢語文學中的修辭技巧如何在《和合本聖經》中體現？（2）修辭技巧在古典希臘羅馬傳統中的原理與運用，以及在《和合本聖經》中的效果；（3）修辭手段如何強化保羅對哥林多人的講道和教導？ （4）《和合本聖經》如何將文言文與希臘羅馬修辭技巧結合，創造出一種新的語言形式？
研究結果:（1）隱喻在保羅的講道和教導中為保羅服務，類似於希臘修辭學中的審議的議事修辭演講，旨在達成最合乎公眾利益的選擇（或答案）。 (2) 對比幫助保羅反對錯誤的教導和他的對手，就像希臘修辭中的儀禮演講一樣，讚美或譴責，以促進道德選擇。 (3)反問句幫助保羅警告、斥責、反駁真理、為自己申辯，類似希臘修辭的法庭式演講，辨別罪惡及賞善與罰惡。（4）重複有助於保羅強調真理，並確保聽眾記住他的讚揚和批評，類似於儀禮演講。
研究結果的第二部分表明，《和合本聖經》的受歡迎在於它忠實地結合了古典漢語和希臘羅馬的修辭手段，豐富了漢語的修辭深度。《和合本聖經》的語言具有豐富的修辭手段，一個多世紀以來在中國基督教界一直保持著吸引力。
The Church of Corinth, established by Paul and Apollos during their second missionary journey around 50 A.D. as described in Acts 18:1-17, holds historical significance as a representative of New Testament-era churches. In response to the challenges faced by the Corinthian church, Apostle Paul penned multiple letters, now known as 1st and 2nd Corinthians. In his first letter, Paul addressed the church's issues, emphasizing unity and peace. The second letter aimed to counter accusations from Corinthian believers through apologies and protests. These letters demonstrate Paul's adept use of rhetorical techniques rooted in the Greco-Roman tradition of the first century, even though he explicitly disclaims reliance on "eloquence or wisdom" (2 Cor. 2:1) in favor of the Spirit's power for gospel propagation.
Despite this disclaimer, Paul's rhetorical prowess is evident throughout his letters, and this dissertation's primary goal is to analyze the rhetorical devices predominantly employed by Apostle Paul in his two Corinthian epistles. This analysis focuses on the Chinese Union Bible, translated into vernacular Chinese in 1919, to understand how Paul harnessed these rhetorical devices for persuasive communication.
This dissertation adopts Classical Greco-Roman and Classical Chinese rhetorical traditions as methodologies to explore how Paul's use of rhetorical devices aids in persuasion, preaching, defense, and apology for his gospel message and apostolic role. The primary emphasis lies on four frequently used rhetorical devices: metaphors, antithesis, rhetorical questions, and repetition, chosen for their universality and simplicity across languages.
The study aims to elucidate the power of persuasion in Paul's language across 1st and 2nd Corinthians through The Chinese Union Version, focusing on these four rhetorical devices. By assessing each device's function within the text, the research aims to discern their contribution to the effectiveness of Paul's arguments.
The dissertation addresses four key questions:
1) How do rhetorical devices manifest in Classical Chinese literary texts and influence the Chinese Union Bible? 2) What is the historical context of rhetorical devices in Classical Greco-Roman rhetoric, and how do they impact the Union Bible? 3) How do rhetorical devices enhance Paul's communication with the Corinthians, contributing to his preaching and teaching? 4) How does the Chinese Union Bible synthesize Classical Chinese and Greco-Roman rhetorical devices, resulting in a novel linguistic form?
The findings indicate that 1) Metaphor serves as Paul's tool for preaching and teaching, aligning with deliberative rhetoric in Greek tradition to reach optimal solutions; 2) Antithesis aids Paul in countering false teachings and adversaries, reminiscent of epideictic rhetoric in the Greek tradition, promoting moral choices; 3) Rhetorical questions enable Paul to issue warnings, rebukes, and refutations for truth, echoing forensic rhetoric in Greek tradition to distinguish right from wrong; 4) Repetition empowers Paul to emphasize truths and reinforce listener memory, similar to epideictic rhetoric.
Additionally, the dissertation underscores the enduring popularity of the Chinese Union Bible due to its faithful combination of Classical Chinese and Greco-Roman rhetorical devices, which have enriched the Chinese language with rhetorical depth over a century, maintaining a significant presence in the Chinese Christian community.
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Rosner, Brian S. Paul, Scripture, and Ethics: A Study of 1 Corinthians 5-7.” Brill, 1994.
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---. The NIV Application Commentary- 2 Corinthians. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 2000.
四、網站參考資料：
Aristotle. Rhetoric. The Internet Classic Archive. Daniel C. Stevenson (ed.).Web Atomics, 1994-1998. On line: https://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/Aristotle-rhetoric.pdf
Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Rhetoric ad Herennium-A Rhetorical Treatises. Trans. Harry Capland. Loeb Classical Library, 1982. Online: https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL403/1954/volume.xml
劉向。《說苑・善說》。李威熊。〈劉知幾以史論經評議〉。逢甲人社會學報。第 16期，第1-23頁，2008年。Online: https://www.newton.com.tw/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E8%8B%91
劉勰。《文心雕龍・辯騷》。Online: https://www.jendow.com.tw/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%8B%BE
孔子。《論語・雍也篇》。On line: https://www.newton.com.tw/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E%C2%B7%E9%9B%8D%E4%B9%9F%E7%AF%87/1722688
《詩經・周男・關雎》。Online:
https://www.chinesewords.org/poetry/101-600.html
《詩經・碩鼠》。Online:
https://www.chinesewords.org/poetry/206-258.html

 
 
 
 
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