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題名:Parliament and Empire: British Policy in Egypt, 1882-85
書刊名:歐美研究
作者:王世宗 引用關係
作者(外文):Wang, Shih-tsung
出版日期:2000
卷期:30:1
頁次:頁35-107
主題關鍵詞:埃及蘇丹格蘭斯敦格蘭凡爾議會EgyptSoudanGladstoneGranvilleParliament
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文以一八八二至八五年間格蘭斯敦自由黨政府對埃及的政策為中心,探討十九世紀後期英國民主化的歷程中,議會政治與帝國政策之間的互動關係及其變化。簡言之,這是一個內政與外交關係的討論。文分六節:導言簡述英國民主政治下埃及問題的本質;第二節說明主張溫和自持外交路線的自由黨政府,發動佔領埃及的政策時,其所考量的國內民主政治因素;第三節討論埃及問題中,議會政治對英國外交決策「民主化」的影響;第四節探討所謂民意與群眾政治,在英國對埃政策發展中所處的地位與扮演的角色;第五節論埃及問題下,英國政黨政治的運作情形與演變;結論以埃及問題為例,申述英國議會政治與帝國政策互動關係的表現及其趨勢。大致言之,伴隨大眾政治的推進,英國的外交與帝國政策逐漸脫離傳統貴族專擅與秘密決策的格局,而開始受到議會民主機制的規範和支配。
Through investigating Gladstone Government’s decisions on the occupation of Egypt and its policy towards the country, the author attempts to disclose the relationship between par-liamentary democracy and British imperial/foreign policy in the late nineteenth century, a period when popular politics was rap-idly gathering strength. The discourse is divided into six sections: I. Introduction: British Democracy and the Egyptian Question; II. The Occupation of Egypt: the Formation of the Liberal Government’s Forward Policy towards Egypt; III. The Foreign Office Domesticated: the Egyptian Question and the “Parliamentarization” of Foreign Policy; IV. Public Opinion, Popular Politics and Britain’s Egyptian Policy; V. Party Politics and the Egyptian Question; VI. Conclusion: Parliamentarism and Imperialism. Generally speaking, with the advance of British parlia-mentary democracy in the 1880s, the Foreign Office was gradually drawn into mass politics, and its policy “parliamenta-rized,” to a certain extent; thus the aristocratic monopoly of foreign policy began to come to an end.
期刊論文
1.(1884)。Egypt。The Edinburgh Review,159(326),589。  new window
2.Gladstone, W. E.(1877)。Aggression on Egypt and Freedom in the East。The Nineteenth Century,2(6)。  new window
3.(1882)。A Retrospect of the Session of 1882。The Edinburgh Review,156(319),285。  new window
4.(1882)。The Justification of Lord Beaconsfield's Policy。Quarterly Review,154(308),564-565。  new window
5.(1885)。The Gladstone Ministry: A Retrospect。Quarterly Review,161(321),264。  new window
6.Shock, Maurice(1957)。Gladstone's Invasion of Egypt 1882。History Today,7(6)。  new window
7.(1882)。The Egyptian Rebellion。The Edinburgh Review,156(320)。  new window
8.(1883)。The True Position of Parties。Quarterly Review,155(309)。  new window
9.(1884)。The Policy of the Government and the Opposition。Quarterly Review,157(314),559-560。  new window
10.(1882)。The Egyptian Rebellion。The Edinburgh Review,156(320),559。  new window
圖書
1.Bright, John(1930)。The Diaries of John Bright。The Diaries of John Bright。London。  new window
2.Gardiner, G.(1923)。The Life of Sir William Harcourt (2)。The Life of Sir William Harcourt (2)。London。  new window
3.Morley, John Viscount(1903)。The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (3)。London。  new window
4.Fitzmaurice, Edmond, Lord(1905)。The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville ( vol. II )。London。  new window
5.Bassett, A. T.(1936)。Gladstone to His Wife。London。  new window
6.Matthew, H. C. G.(1990)。The Gladstone Diaries (10)。Oxford。  new window
7.Matthew, H. C. G.(1990)。The Gladstone Diaries ( vol. XI )。Oxford。  new window
8.Matthew, H. C. G.(1995)。Gladstone, 1875-1898。Oxford。  new window
9.Leech, H. J.(1895)。The Public Letters of John Bright。London。  new window
10.Gardiner, A. G.(1923)。The Life of Sir William Harcourt (1)。London。  new window
11.Lang, Andrew(1891)。Life, Letters, and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote First Earl of Iddesleigh。Edinburgh。  new window
12.Feuchtwanger, E. J.(1985)。Democracy and Empire: Britain, 1865-1914。London:E. Arnold。  new window
13.Salisbury, Lord(1884)。Egypt - Employment of English Officials。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 294。沒有紀錄。  new window
14.Morley, John(1903)。The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. III。The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. III。London, UK。  new window
15.Gladstone, W. E.(1884)。Egypt - Instructions to the Earl of Northbrook。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 292。沒有紀錄。  new window
16.Gladstone, W. E.(1884)。Egypt - Policy of Her Majesty's Government。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 286。沒有紀錄。  new window
17.(1990)。The Gladstone Diaries, Vol. X。The Gladstone Diaries, Vol. X。Oxford。  new window
18.The Gladstone Diaries, Vol. XI。The Gladstone Diaries, Vol. XI。沒有紀錄。  new window
19.Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond(1905)。The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville, Vol. II。The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville, Vol. II。London, UK。  new window
20.Cromer, Lord(1908)。Modern Egypt, Vol. I。Modern Egypt, Vol. I。London, UK。  new window
21.(1930)。The Diaries of John Bright。The Diaries of John Bright。London, UK。  new window
22.Fieldhouse, D. K.(1984)。Economics and Empire, 1830-1914。Economics and Empire, 1830-1914。London, UK。  new window
23.Steele, E. D.(1983)。Britain and Egypt 1882-1914。Imperialism and Nationalism in the Middle East: The Anglo-Egyptian Experience 1882-1982。London, UK。  new window
24.Matthew, H. C. G.(1995)。Gladstone, 1875-1898。Gladstone, 1875-1898。Oxford。  new window
25.Gladstone, W. E.(1882)。Egypt (Military Affairs) - Proceedings of the Fleet at Alexandria。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 272。沒有紀錄。  new window
26.Granville, Lord(1883)。The Suez Canal - Constitution of the Board of Directors。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 282。沒有紀錄。  new window
27.Gardiner, A. G.(1923)。The Life of Sir William Harcourt, Vol. 1。The Life of Sir William Harcourt, Vol. 1。London, UK。  new window
28.(1928)。The Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd S., Vol. III。The Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd S., Vol. III。London, UK。  new window
29.(1895)。John Bright to Rev. Thomas Rippon, 25 September 1882。The Public Letters of John Bright。London, UK。  new window
30.Bassett, A. T.(1936)。Gladstone to His Wife。Gladstone to His Wife。London, UK。  new window
31.Cromwell, Valerie、Steiner, Zara S.(1972)。The Foreign Office before 1914: A Study in Resistance。Studying in the Growth of Nineteenth-Century Government。London, UK。  new window
32.Gladstone, W. E.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)- The Existing Crisis-Observations。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol.269。沒有紀錄。  new window
33.(1962)。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-1886, Vol. I。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-1886, Vol. I。Oxford。  new window
34.Salisbury, Lord(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 274。沒有紀錄。  new window
35.Northcote, Stafford(1883)。Suez Canal Company (Future Negotiations)。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 282。沒有紀錄。  new window
36.Gladstone, W. E.(1884)。Egypt - The Proposed Conference。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 289。沒有紀錄。  new window
37.(1884)。Egypt - The Conference - Failure of the Policy of Her Majesty's Government-Observations。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 292。沒有紀錄。  new window
38.(1885)。Egyptian Loan。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 296。沒有紀錄。  new window
39.(1966)。A Century of Diplomatic Blue Books 1814-1914。A Century of Diplomatic Blue Books 1814-1914。London, UK。  new window
40.Victoria, Queen(1976)。The Letters of Queen Victoria, Vol. III。The Letters of Queen Victoria, Vol. III。沒有紀錄。  new window
41.(1882)。Egypt - The Political Crisis。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 270。沒有紀錄。  new window
42.(1882)。Egypt - The Dual Control。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 274。沒有紀錄。  new window
43.Cowen, Joseph(1882)。Egypt - The Political Crisis。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 270。沒有紀錄。  new window
44.Gladstone, W. E.(1998)。The Political Correspondence of Gladstone and Granville, Vol. II。The Political Correspondence of Gladstone and Granville, Vol. II。沒有紀錄。  new window
45.Granville, Lord(1885)。Egyptian Loan Bill。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 297。沒有紀錄。  new window
46.Lawson, Wilfrid(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)- The Existing Crisis-Observation。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 269。沒有紀錄。  new window
47.Churchill, Lord Randolph(1882)。Egypt - Surrender of Arabi Pasha to the Agents of the Khedive。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 274。沒有紀錄。  new window
48.Gladstone, W. E.(1883)。Egypt - Withdrawal of Army of Occupation。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 282。沒有紀錄。  new window
49.Gladstone, W. E.(1998)。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, Vol. I。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, Vol. I。沒有紀錄。  new window
50.(1884)。Egypt (War in the Soudan)。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 284。沒有紀錄。  new window
51.(1981)。The Prime Minister's Papers Series, W. E. Gladstone, IV: Autobiographical Memoranda 1868-1894。The Prime Minister's Papers Series, W. E. Gladstone, IV: Autobiographical Memoranda 1868-1894。London, UK。  new window
52.Gordon, C. G.(1885)。The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon at Khartoum。The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon at Khartoum。London, UK。  new window
53.Temperley, Harold、Penson, L. M.(1938)。Foundations of British Foreign Policy, from Pitt to Salisbury。Foundations of British Foreign Policy, from Pitt to Salisbury。Cambridge。  new window
54.Cecil, Gwendolen(1931)。The Life of Robert Marquis of Salisbury, Vol. III。The Life of Robert Marquis of Salisbury, Vol. III。London, UK。  new window
55.Hamilton, Lord George(1917)。Parliamentary Reminiscences and Reflections 1868-85。Parliamentary Reminiscences and Reflections 1868-85。London, UK。  new window
56.Derby, Lord(1885)。Egypt and the Soudan - Vote of Censure-Resolution。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 294。沒有紀錄。  new window
57.Cowen, Joseph(1884)。Egypt (Eastern Soudan)。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 285。沒有紀錄。  new window
58.(1910)。Gathorne Hardy First Earl of Cranbrook: A Memoir, Vol. II。Gathorne Hardy First Earl of Cranbrook: A Memoir, Vol. II。London, UK。  new window
59.Beach, Victoria Hicks(1932)。Life of Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Vol. I。Life of Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Vol. I。London, UK。  new window
60.Ashmead-Bartlett, E.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)- Policy of her Majesty's Government。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 273。沒有紀錄。  new window
61.(1884)。Egypt (Terms of the Agreement with France)- The Vote of Censure。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 289。沒有紀錄。  new window
62.Gladstone, W. E.(1884)。Egypt (Events in the Soudan)。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 284。沒有紀錄。  new window
63.Milner, Frederick(1885)。Egypt and the Soudan。Hansard's Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 3rd Series, Vol. 294。沒有紀錄。  new window
64.Lang, Andrew(1891)。Life, Letters and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote First Earl of Iddesleigh。Life, Letters and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote First Earl of Iddesleigh。Edinburgh。  new window
65.Temperley, Harold、Penson, L. M.(1966)。A Century of Diplomatic Blue Books 1814-1914。A Century of Diplomatic Blue Books 1814-1914。London。  new window
66.Buckle, G. E.。The Letters of Queen Victoria (2)。The Letters of Queen Victoria (2)。London。  new window
67.Baring, Evelyn(1908)。Modern Egypt (1)。Modern Egypt (1)。London。  new window
68.Buckle, G. E.。The Letters of Queen Victoria, 3rd. Series(Vol. 3)。The Letters of Queen Victoria, 3rd. Series(Vol. 3)。London。  new window
69.Steele, E. D.(1983)。Britain and Egypt 1882-1914。Imperialism and Nationalism in the Middle East: The Anglo-Egyptian Ex-perience 1882-1982。London。  new window
70.Ramm, Agatha(1962)。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-1886 (1)。The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-1886 (1)。Oxford。  new window
71.Lord Granville to Mr. Gladstone, 6 September 1882。The Political Correspondence of Gladstone and Granville (1)。  new window
72.Gordon, C. G.(1885)。The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon at Khartoum。The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon at Khartoum。London。  new window
73.Temperley, Harold、Penson, L. M.(1938)。Foundations of British Foreign Policy, from Pitt to Salisbury。Cambridge。  new window
74.Cecil, Gwendolen(1931)。The Life of Robert Marquis of Salisbury (3)。The Life of Robert Marquis of Salisbury (3)。London。  new window
75.Hamilton, George Heard(1917)。Parliamentary Reminiscences and Reflections 1868-85。Parliamentary Reminiscences and Reflections 1868-85。London。  new window
76.Gathorne-Hardy, A. E.(1910)。Gathorne Hardy First Earl of Cranbrook: A Memoir (2)。Gathorne Hardy First Earl of Cranbrook: A Memoir (2)。London。  new window
其他
1.(1882)。British Parliamentary Papers,沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.(1881)。British and Foreign State Papers,沒有紀錄。  new window
3.(1882)。British and Foreign State Papers,沒有紀錄。  new window
4.Public Record Office(1882)。FO407/ 21/ 160, Lord Granville to Earl of Dufferin,0。  new window
5.British Library(1885)。the Balfour Papers, Add MS 49688, Lord Salisbury to A. J. Balfour,0。  new window
6.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)。  new window
7.(1883)。Suez Canal Company (Future Negotiations),London。  new window
8.(1884)。Egypt-The Proposed Conference。  new window
9.(1884)。Egypt-The Conference-Failure of the Policy of Her Majesty’s Government-Observations,London。  new window
10.(1885)。Egyptian Loan。  new window
11.(1885)。Lord Granville to Lord Lyons,U.K.。  new window
12.(1882)。Egypt-The Political Crisis,London。  new window
13.(1884)。The Times,London。  new window
14.(1881)。Earl Granville to Sir E. Malet。  new window
15.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Lyons,U.K.。  new window
16.Papers Substantiating and Justifying the Charges against His Highness the Khedive of Egypt Made by Lord Randolph Chur-chill in the House of Commons on 11 May and 12 June 1883,U.K.。  new window
17.(1882)。Lord Granville to Sir E. Malet,U.K.。  new window
18.(1882)。The Settlement of Egypt,U.K.。  new window
19.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Dufferin,U.K.。  new window
20.(1882)。Egypt-The Dual Control。  new window
21.(1882)。Egypt-The Political Crisis。  new window
22.(1883)。The Times,London。  new window
23.(1884)。Egypt-Policy of Her Majesty’s Government,London。  new window
24.(1884)。Draft Despatch from Lord Granville to Sir E. Baring,U.K.。  new window
25.(1885)。Lord Salisbury to Hugh McCalmont Cairns。  new window
26.(1882)。Lord Granville to Earl of Dufferin,U.K.。  new window
27.(1884)。Egypt-Employment of English Officials,London。  new window
28.(1884)。Egypt-Instructions to the Earl of Northbrook。  new window
29.(1881)。Lord Granville to Sir Ed-ward Malet。  new window
30.(1881)。Lord Granville to Sir E. Malet。  new window
31.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Dufferin。  new window
32.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Dufferin,U.K.。  new window
33.(1882)。Egypt (Military Affairs)-Proceedings of the Fleet at Alexandria,London。  new window
34.(1883)。The Suez Canal-Constitution of the Board of Directors,London。  new window
35.(1882)。The Times,London。  new window
36.(1882)。Proposed Draft (by Lord Granville) to Her Majesty’s Representatives at Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, and Rome,U.K.。  new window
37.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Dufferin,U.K.。  new window
38.(1884)。Lord Granville to Sir E. Thorton,U.K.。  new window
39.(1882)。British Parliamentary Papers。  new window
40.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)-The Existing Crisis-Observations,London。  new window
41.(1882)。Lord Granville to Lord Dufferin,U.K.。  new window
42.(1885)。Egyptian Loan Bill。  new window
43.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)-Policy of the Government,London。  new window
44.(1882)。Egypt-Surrender of Arabi Pasha to the Agents of the Khedive,London。  new window
45.(1883)。Egypt-Withdrawal of Army of Occupation。  new window
46.(1884)。Egypt (The Proposed Conference)-Negotiations with France。  new window
47.(1884)。Memorandum on the Egyptian Debate by Edmond Fitzmaurice,U.K.。  new window
48.(1884)。The Times,London。  new window
49.(1884)。Egypt (War in the Soudan)。  new window
50.(1885)。Lord Salisbury to Lord Carnarvon。  new window
51.(1885)。Egypt and the Soudan-Vote of Censure-Resolution。  new window
52.(1885)。Egyptian Loan Bill,London。  new window
53.(1884)。Egypt (Eastern Soudan)。  new window
54.(1882)。Egypt (Political Affairs)-Policy of her Majesty’s Government,London。  new window
55.(1884)。Egypt (Terms of the Agreement with France)-The Vote of Censure。  new window
56.(1885)。The Times,London。  new window
57.(1884)。Egypt (Events in the Soudan)。  new window
 
 
 
 
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