Widow Mothers and the Bastard: Alternative Histories in Shakespeare's King John_

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題名：	Widow Mothers and the Bastard: Alternative Histories in Shakespeare's King John
書刊名：	臺大文史哲學報
作者：	鄭惠芳
作者(外文)：	Cheang, Wai-fong
出版日期：	2000
卷期：	53
頁次：	頁213-215+217-247
主題關鍵詞：	莎士比亞；約翰王；歷史；女性；私生子；Shakespeare；King John；History；Women；Bastard
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:29

莎士比亞的歷史劇，長久以來，皆被以男性為中心的讀法所主導，但這種讀法，並無法解釋女性角色所開展的戲劇空間。本文藉重讀《約翰王》，試圖再現劇中三位母親在男性歷史中的重要性。一方面說明劇中以父之名所執行的權力鬥爭，都無法脫離母親的關鍵性影響；另一方面指出由邊陲逐漸中心化的私生子角色，不僅突顯其母親所代表的女性顛覆力量，亦強烈反諷以正統為名的意識形態。本文強調，將閱讀焦點轉移，跳脫以男性為中心的讀法，不難發現《約翰王》原本就是多聲的，劇中並未將女性完全邊緣化，而是將其視為歷史的構成要素，透過女性角色可反映出父權體制所內含的荒謬性。

以文找文

Even though there is a commonplace impression that Shakespear's history plays are about men, not about women, the enormous textual spaces given to the female characters and the bastard in King John manifest that besides official “history,” there are alternative histories. This paper rereads King John to foreground the significance of the widow mothers and the bastard. It argues that the main legitimacy contention in the play, though carried out in the name of the father, is under the influence of the mothers. It also calls attention to the bastard's improtance. His presence echoes women's subversive power. His infamous status mocks a system based on legitimate patriarchal lineage. This paper stresses that King John is inherently multivocal and ambiguous. The widow mothers and the bastard are dramatized within the multivocal space of the play as crucial constituents of history. The play invokes their alternative histories against the legitimate “his story” it represents.

以文找文

Other
1.	Kahn, Coppelia(1992)。The Shadow of the Male，New York：St. Martin's。
2.	Rackin, Phyllis(1989)。Patriarchal History and Female Subversion in King John，Newark：U of Delaware P。

期刊論文
1.	McEachern, Claire(1994)。Henry V and the Paradox of the Body Politic。Shakespeare Quarterly，45(1)，33-56。
2.	Kurtz, Martha A.(1996)。Rethinking Gender and Genre in the History Play。Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900，36(2)，267-288。
3.	Womersley, David(1989)。The Politics of Shakespeare's King John。Review of English Studies，40(160)，497-515。
4.	Rackin, Phyllis(1985)。Anti-Historians: Women's Roles in Shakespeare's Histories。Theatre Journal，37(3)，329-344。
5.	Gutierrez, Nancy A.(1990)。Gender and Values in 1 Henry VI: The Role of Joan la Pucelle。Theatre Journal，42，183-193。
6.	Rose, Mary Beth(1991)。Where Are the Mothers in Shakespeare? Options for Gender Representation in the English Renaissance。Shakespeare Quarterly，42(3)，291-314。
7.	Baldo, Jonathan(1996)。Wars of Memory in Henry V。Shakespeare Quarterly，47(2)，132-159。
8.	Erickson, Peter(1987)。Rewriting the Renaissance, Rewriting Ourselves。Shakespeare Quarterly，38，327-337。
9.	Jackson, Gabriele Bernhard(1988)。Topical Ideology: Witches, Amazons, and Shakespeare's Joan of Arc。English Literary Renaissance，18(1)，40-65。
10.	Kurtz, Martha A.(1996)。Rethinking Gender and Genre in the History Play。Studies in English Literature，36(2)，267-288。
11.	Traub, Valerie(1989)。Prince Hal's Falstaff: Positioning Psychoanalysis and the Female Reproductive Body。Shakespeare Quarterly，40(4)，456-474。
12.	Baldo, Jonathan(1996)。Wars of Memory in Henry V。Shakespeare Quarterly，47(2)，132-159。
13.	Erickson, Peter(1987)。Rewriting the Renaissance, Rewriting Ourselves。Shakespeare Quarterly，38，327-337。
14.	Jackson, Gabriele Bernhard(1988)。Topical Ideoligy: Witches, Amazons, and Shakespeare's Joan of Arc。English Literary Renaissance，18(1)，40-65。
15.	Traub, Valerie(1989)。Prince Hal's Falstaff: Positioning Psychoanalysis and the Female Reproductive Body。Shakespeare Quarterly，40(4)，456-474。

圖書
1.	Berry, Ralph(1988)。Shakespeare and Social Class。New Jersey：Humanities。
2.	Smidt, Kristian(1982)。Unconformities in Shakespeare's History Plays。Unconformities in Shakespeare's History Plays。London。
3.	Mullaney, Steven(1988)。The Place of the Stage: Licence, Play, and Power in Renaissance England。The Place of the Stage: Licence, Play, and Power in Renaissance England。Chicago。
4.	Pugliatti, Paola(1996)。Shakespeare the Historian。London：Macmillan。
5.	Novy, Marianne(1984)。Love's Argument: Gender Relations in Shakespeare。Chapel Hill and London。
6.	Shakespeare, William(1962)。King Henry VI, Part I。London。
7.	Williams, Raymond(1985)。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Ithaca。
8.	Shakespeare, William(1954)。King John。London, UK：Methuen。
9.	Bamber, Linda(1982)。Comic Women, Tragic Men: A Study of Gender and Genre in Shakespeare。Stanford：Stanford University Press。
10.	Dusinberre, Juliet(1975)。Shakespeare and the Nature of Women。New York, NY：St. Martin's。
11.	Hopkins, Lisa(1998)。The Shakespearean Marriage: Merry Wives and Heavy Husbands。London：MacMillan。
12.	Howard, Jean E.、Rackin, Phyllis(1997)。Engendering a Nation: A Feminist Account of Shakespeare's English Histories。London：Routledge。
13.	Mullaney, Steven(1988)。The Place of the Stage: License, Play, and Power in Renaissance England。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。
14.	Said, Edward W.、蔡源林(200107)。大橋洋一訳『文化と帝国主義』。みすず書房。延伸查詢
15.	Grene, Nicholas(1992)。Shakespeare's Tragic Imagination。London：MacMillan。
16.	Adelman, Janet(1992)。Suffocating Mothers: Fantasies of Maternal Origin in Shakespeare’s Plays, Hamlet to the Tempest。New York：Routledge。
17.	Blanpied, John(1992)。Stalking 'Strong Possession' in King John。William Shakespeare: Histories & Poems。New York, NY。
18.	(1960)。Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, Vol. 3。Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, Vol. 3。London, UK。
19.	Dusinberre, Juliet(1990)。King John and Embarrassing Women。Shakespeare Survey。New York, NY。
20.	Honigmann, E. A. J.(1954)。Introduction。King John。London, UK。
21.	Kiernan, Victor(1993)。Shakespeare: Poet and Citizen。Shakespeare: Poet and Citizen。London, UK。
22.	Newton, Judith Lower(1989)。History as Usual? Feminism and the 'New Historicism'。The New Historicism。New York, NY。
23.	Novy, Marianne(1984)。Love's Argument: Gender Relations in Shakespeare。Love's Argument: Gender Relations in Shakespeare。Chapel Hill。
24.	Pugliatti, Paola(1996)。Shakespeare the Historian。Shakespeare the Historian。London, UK。
25.	Roberts, Jeanne Addison(1997)。Are Shakespeare's Women Unruly?。Shakespeare's Unruly Women。Washington, DC。
26.	Shakespeare, William(1962)。King Henry, Vol. VI, Part I。King Henry, Vol. VI, Part I。London, UK。
27.	Shakespeare, William(1966)。King Henry, Vol. VI, Part II。King Henry, Vol. VI, Part II。London, UK。
28.	Smidt, Kristian(1982)。Unconformities in Shakespeare's History Plays。Unconformities in Shakespeare's History Plays。London, UK。
29.	Vaughan, Virginia M.(1989)。King John: A Study in Subversion and Containment。King John: New Perspectives。Newark。
30.	(1985)。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Itasca, IL。
31.	Blanpied, John(1992)。Stalking 'Strong Possessing'。William Shakespeare: Histories & Poems。New York。
32.	Bullough, Geoffrey(1960)。Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare。Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare。London。
33.	Dusinberre, Juliet(1990)。King John and Embarrassing Wommen。Shakespeare Survey。New York。
34.	Honigmann, E. A. J.(1954)。Introduction。King John。London。
35.	Kiernan, Voctor(1993)。Shakespeare: Poet and Citizen。Shakespeare: Poet and Citizen。London。
36.	Newton, Judith Lower(1989)。History as Usual? Feminism and the 'New Historicism.'。The New Historicism。New York。
37.	Roberts, Jeanne Addison(1997)。Are Shakespeare's Women Unruly?。Shakespeare's Unruly Women。Washington, D.C.。
38.	Said, Edward William(1994)。Cultural and Imperialism。Cultural and Imperialism。New York。
39.	Shakespeare, William(1966)。King Henry VI, Part II。King Henry VI, Part II。London。
40.	Tennenhouse, Leonard(1985)。Strategies of State and Political Plays: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VIII.。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Ithaca。
41.	Vaughan, Virginia M.(1989)。King John: A Study in Subversion and Containment。King John: New Perspectives。Newark。

圖書論文
1.	Greenblatt, Stephen(1985)。Invisible Bullets: Renaissance Authority and Its Subversion, Henry IV and Henry V。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Itasca, IL：Cornell University Press。
2.	Smallwood, R. L.(1986)。Shakespeare's Use of History。The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies。Cambridge：Cambridge UP。
3.	Tennenhouse, Leonard(1985)。Strategies of State and Political Plays: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VIII。Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism。Itasca, IL：Cornell University Press。

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