The rate of maternal-infant transmission in children with HIV has increase in Taiwan. The purpose of this literature review was to collect data nationally and internationally in order to understand the physical and psychological aspects of a child infected with HIV at birth from maternal transmission. The results of the review showed that as the child's age increases, a sick child needs help to deal with pain and malnutrition problems. Moreover, when the child knows the diagnosis and faces the death of relatives, the cognitive level of the child needs to be assissed in order to assist in reducing problems related to negative psychological responses. In addition, understanding the sources of strss and the problems for the child, the primary caregiver, and the family is necessary to provide information about resources that can assist them in coping with the difficulties associated with living with AIDS and with family members with AIDS. In the school setting, nursing professionals must help the child with AIDS feel physically and psychologically safe during school activities and receive education through appropriate arrangements and care.