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題名：Noise Distribution of an Incubator with Nebulizer at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Southern Taiwan
書刊名：The Journal of Nursing Research
作者：陳秀芬／張瑩如
作者(外文)：Chen, Hsiu-feng／Chang, Ying-ju
出版日期：2001
卷期：9:3
頁次：頁25-32
主題關鍵詞：噪音；保溫箱；新生兒加護病房；環境壓力；早產兒；Noise；Incubator；Neonatal intensive care unit；Environmental stress；Premature infants
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　　　　　本研究為一前瞻性調查研究，於台灣南部某醫學中心新生兒加護病房進行使用氧氣噴霧器 (nebulizer) 之保溫箱內音量及突發性噪音事件分佈之評估。以立意取樣方式，於研究期間選擇連續一週的時間，以電子噪音計持續監測保溫箱內之音量。並隨機自調查期間選取其中假日及非假日之白班、小夜及大夜各一班共48小時，在床邊觀察 �d 65加權分貝（dBA）之突發性噪音事件。結果發現，保溫箱之音量分佈 �T59 dBA者僅佔所有觀察時間之24.8%，介於60-64 dBA者佔58.9%，65-69 dBA者佔10.7%，�d70 dBA者則佔5.6%。而在48小時的觀察中，�d65 dBA之突發噪音共947件，以人為因素佔最多 (79%)。其中開關或碰撞保溫箱佔最多，其次分別為工作人員談話聲音穿透保溫箱、在保溫箱內執行護理活動過程所產生之聲音、紙張或封袋撕開聲、工作人員開關垃圾桶及碰撞不�袗�工作車或器械所造成。而在21%之非人為因素中，以監視器警示聲及保溫箱馬達啟動聲佔最多。此研究結果反應出保溫箱內音量分佈遠超過美國小兒科醫學會（1974）所建議之加護環境噪音應低58 dBA之標準；然而大部分突發性高噪音事件的發生是可經由工作人員之行為修飾來改善，因此此噪音分佈調查結果及突發性噪音來源之確認，可做為改善使用氧氣噴霧器之保溫箱噪音的依據。
　　　　　The purpose of this study was to investigate the noise distribution and sources of peak noise inside an incubator with a nebulizer at a neonatal intensive care unit of a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Sound levels were monitored continuously with an electronic sound-meter for 24 hours daily over a one-week period. Three working hours (day, evening, and night hours) in the weekday and weekend (total 48 hours) were selected randomly from the one-week period of noise survey to observe peak noise at levels 65 dBA. Results revealed that 24.8% of the total monitoring period had sound levels at 59 dBA, 58.9% at 60-64 dBA, 10.7% at 65-69 dBA, and 5.6% at 70 dBA. Furthermore, a total of 947 peak noises 65 dBA were found within the 48 hours, of which 61.5% were in a range of 65-69 dBA, 24% of 70-74 dBA, 9.8% of 75-79 dBA, and 4.8% 80 dBA. Human-related sources, equaling 79%, were the dominant peak noises. These noises included opening and closing doors, banging the incubator hood, conversation among staff, nursing activity inside the incubator, tearing and opening paper or bags, opening and closing trash can lids, and bumping metal carts or other apparatus. Nonhuman-related sources were 21% including alarms of monitors and running of the incubator motor. Results of this study showed that the noise distribution in the incubator with nebulizer was far above a protective limitation of 58 dBA, suggested by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1974. However, most peak noises could be reduced by modification of staff behavior. Therefore, determinations of noise distribution and sources of peak noise in this study are useful for further noise reduction programs.
期刊論文
1.Zahr, L. K.、Balian, S.(1995)。Responses of premature infants to routine nursing interventions and noise in the NICU。Nursing Research，44(3)，179-185。  new window
2.Collins, S. K.、Kuck, K.(1991)。Music therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit。Neonetal Network，9(6)，23-26。  new window
3.Thomas, K. A.(1989)。How the NICU environment sounds to a preterm infant。The American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing，14(4)，249-251。  new window
4.American Academy of Pediatrics(1974)。Noise pollution: Neonatal aspect。Pediatrics，54(4)，476-479。  new window
5.American Academy of Pediatrics(1997)。Noise: A harzard for the fetus and newborn。Pediatrics，100(4)，724-727。  new window
6.Barnes, S. E.、Baum, J. D.、Rolfe, P.(1977)。Effects of incubator noise on the cochlea of the newborn [letter]。Lancet，1(8010)，544-545。  new window
7.Beckham, R. W.、Mishoe, C.(1982)。Sound levels inside incubators and oxygen hoods used with humidifiers and humidifiers。Respiratory Care，35(4)，1272-1279。  new window
8.Bess, F. H.、Peek, B. F.、Chapman, J. J.(1979)。Further observations on noise levels in infant incubators。Pediatrics，63(1)，100-106。  new window
9.Blennow, G.、Svenningsen, N. W.、Almquist, B.(1974)。Noise levels in infant incubators (adverse effects?)。Pediatrics，53(1)，29-32。  new window
10.Bohnhorst, B.、Poet, C. F.(1998)。Major reduction in alarm frequency with a new pulse oximeter。Intensive Care Medicine，24(3)，277-278。  new window
11.Ciesielski, S.、Kopka, J.、Kidawa, B.(1980)。Incubator noise and vibration-possible iatrogenic influence on neonate。International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolarynology，1(4)，309-316。  new window
12.Depaul, D.、Chambers, S. E.(1995)。Environment noise in the neonatal intensive care unit: Implications for nursing practice。Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing，8(4)，71-76。  new window
13.Horgan, M. J.、Eston, C.(1999)。Sources of environmental noise: Perceptions by NICU staffs。Pediatric Research, Part，45(4 Part 2)，201A。  new window
14.Falk, S. A.、Farmer, J. C.、Park, R. T.(1973)。Incubator noise and possible deafness。Archives of Otolaryngology，97(5)，385-387。  new window
15.Floyd, A. M. D.(1997)。An NICU infant stress reduction QI team。Journal on Quality Improvement，23(2)，93-101。  new window
16.Gunnel, E.、Gunilla, H.(1995)。Reduction of noise levels in intensive care units for infants: Evalution of an intervention program。Heart and Lung，24(5)，376-379。  new window
17.Hale, D. R.(1996)。Noise in the hospital: A quality improvement approach。Journal of Nursing Administration，26(3)，4-8。  new window
18.Long, J. G.、Lucey, J. F.、Philip, A. G.(1980)。Noise and hypoxemia in the intensive care nursery。Pediatrics，65(1)，143-145。  new window
19.Michaelsson, M.、Riesenfeld, T.、Sagrén, A.(1992)。High noise levels in infant incubators can be reduced。Acta Pediatrics，81(10)，843-844。  new window
20.Mishoe, S. C.(1995)。Quiet-Hospital zone: Why we should reduce noise levels in the hospital。Respiratory Care，40(11)，1116-1117。  new window
21.Mishoe, S. C.、Brooks, C. W.、Dennison, F. H.、Hill, K. V.、Frye, T.(1995)。Octave waveband analysis to determine sound frequencies and intensities produced by humidifiers and humidifiers used with hoods。Respiratory Care，40(11)，1120-1124。  new window
22.Newman, L. F.(1981)。Social and sensory environment of low birth weight infants in a special care nursery-An anthropological investigation。Journal of Nerve and Mental Disease，169(7)，448-455。  new window
23.Nzama, N. P.、Nolte, A. G.、Dorfling, C. S.(1995)。Noise in a neonatal unit: Guidelines for the reduction or prevention of noise。Curations，18(2)，16-21。  new window
24.Robertson, A.、Cooper-Peel, C.、Vos, P.(1999)。Sound transmission into incubators in the neonatal intensive care unit。Journal of Perinatology，19(7)，494-497。  new window
25.Saunders, A. N.(1995)。Incubator noise: A method to decrease decibels。Pediatric Nursing，21(3)，265-268。  new window
26.Zahr, K. L.(1998)。Two contrasting environments。American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing，23(1)，28-36。  new window
圖書
1.TES Electrical Electronic Corp.(1998)。Manual of sound level meter TES 1352A。Taipei：TES Electrical Electronic Corp.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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