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題名：Contact-Induced Tonogenesis in Southern Qiang
書刊名：語言暨語言學
作者：Evans,Jonathan P.
出版日期：2001
卷期：2:2
頁次：頁63-110
主題關鍵詞：Qiang；Tonogenesis；Lexical stress；Pitch accent；Language contact；羌語；語調
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:19
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In the Qiang language, the Southern dialects (SQ) exploit tones to make lexical distinctions, while the Northern dialects (NQ) lack tonal phenomena. There are also a few transitional dialects in which tones distinguish a few phenomena pairs; each pair includes at least one borrowing from Chinese. Attempts have been made (e.g., Liu 1998a) to correlate the tones of SQ with certain phonetic features of NQ dialects (e.g., consonant cluster initials and vowel quantity/quality/rhotacization). This paper presents evidence that SQ was a pitch accent language which has undergone contact-induced tonogenesis; viz., after undergoing phonological simplifications that made SQ dialects tone-prone, lexical borrowings form a tonal language (sichuanese Mandaria) caused the beginnings of tonal distinctions. Some dialects (Longxi, Taoping) have developed full-blown tonal systems, while others (Mianchi, Heihu) have layers of tonal strata over pitch accent systems. There appear to be phonetic motivations for some accented syllables and for certain minor tones, which are of relatively recent origin.
期刊論文
1.孫天心(20000100)。Parallelisms in the Verb Morphology of Sidaba rGyalrong and Lavrung in rGyalrongic。語言暨語言學，1(1)，161-190。new window  new window
2.Chang, Kun(1967)。A comparative study of the Southern Ch'iang dialects。Monumenta Serica，26，422-443。  new window
3.Karlgren, Bernhard(1957)。Grammata Serica Recensa。Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities，29(1)，1-332。  new window
4.Mazaudon, Martine(1977)。Tibeto-Burman tonogenetics。Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area，3(2)，1-123。  new window
5.Haudricourt, André-Georges(1954)。De l'origine des Tons en Vietnamein。Journal Asiatique，242，69-82。  new window
6.Maddieson, I.(1984)。The effects on F0 of a voicing distinction in sonorants and their implications for a theory of tonogenesis。Journal of Phonetics，12，9-15。  new window
7.Matisoff, James A.(1997)。Dàyáng Pumi phonology and adumbrations of comparative Qiangic。Mon-Khmer studies，27，171-213。  new window
8.Wen, Yu(1943)。汶川瓦寺祖羌語音系。Studia Serica，3，293-308。  延伸查詢new window
9.Anderson, Stephen C.、Swackhamer, Jeanette(1981)。From consonants to downstep in Podoko。Studies in African Linguistics，12，131-154。  new window
10.Ebert, Karen H.(1977)。Some aspects of the Kera verbal system。Studies in African Linguistics，7，33-41。  new window
11.劉光坤(1998)。論羌語聲調的產生和發展。民族語文，1998(2)，1-8。  延伸查詢new window
12.孫宏開(1988)。論羌族雙語制─兼談漢語對羌語的影響。民族語文，1988(4)，55-65。  延伸查詢new window
13.Wen, Yu(1941)。川西羌語支初步分析。Studia Serica，2，38-71。  延伸查詢new window
14.Wen, Yu(1945)。理番後二枯羌音系。Studia Serica，4。  延伸查詢new window
15.Wen, Yu(1950)。羌語九子營方言語彙撮要。Studia Serica，9(2)，17-54。  延伸查詢new window
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會議論文
1.Matisoff, James A.(1999)。Tibeto-Burman tonology in an areal context。Tokyo。3-32。  new window
學位論文
1.Ding, Sizhi(1998)。Fundamentals of Prinmi (Pumi): A Tibeto-Burman Language of Northwestern Yunnan, China，Canberra。  new window
圖書
1.孫宏開(1981)。羌語簡志。北京。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉光坤(1998)。麻窩羌語研究。麻窩羌語研究。成都=Chengdu。  延伸查詢new window
3.Evans, Jonathan Paul(2001)。Introduction to Qiang Phonology and Lexicon: Synchrony and Diachrony。Introduction to Qiang Phonology and Lexicon: Synchrony and Diachrony。Tokyo。  new window
4.王輔世、毛宗武(1995)。苗瑤語古音構擬。北京：中國社會科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Benedict, Paul K.、Matisoff, James A.(1972)。Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Nagano, Yasuhiko(1984)。A Historical Study of the rGyarong Verb System。Tokyo：Seishido。  new window
7.孫宏開、藏緬語語音和詞彙編寫組(1991)。藏緬語語音和詞彙。北京。  延伸查詢new window
8.Matisoff, James A.(1972)。The Loloish Tonal Split Revisited。Berkeley：University of California, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
9.Yang, Shih-feng(1984)。Sichuan Fangyan Diaocha Baogao。Sichuan Fangyan Diaocha Baogao。Taipei。  new window
10.Haraguchi, Shosuke(1977)。The Tone Pattern of Japanese: An Autosegmental Theory of Tonology。Tokyo：Kaitakusha。  new window
11.黃布凡(1992)。藏緬語族語言詞彙。北京：中央民族學院出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.鄧廷良(1996)。炎黃子孫（1）羌氏頌卷。炎黃子孫（1）羌氏頌卷。Chengdu。  延伸查詢new window
13.Lin, Xiangrong(1993)。嘉戎語語法。嘉戎語語法。成都。  延伸查詢new window
14.Matisoff, James A.(1989)。The Dictionary of Lahu。The Dictionary of Lahu。Berkeley。  new window
15.Mazaudon, Martine(1973)。Phonologie Tamang。Phonologie Tamang。Paris。  new window
16.黃布凡(1991)。羌語支。漢藏語概論。北京=Beijing。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Cook, Richard S.(1999)。Grammata Serica Recensa Electronica。  new window
2.Dai, Qingxia(1989)。道孚。  延伸查詢new window
3.Ding, Sizhi(1999)。Tonality of Prinmi，Taipei。  new window
4.Evans, Jonathan Paul(1998)。Introduction to Southern Qiang phonology: Description and comparison.。  new window
5.Evans, Jonathan Paul(1998)。Introduction to Southern Qiang verbal morphology: Description and comparison。  new window
6.LaPolla, Randy J.，黃成龍(1996)。Grammatical sketch of the Qiang language with texts and annotated glossary。  new window
7.Ratliff, Martha(1999)。Layered systems of phonation contrast in Hmong-Mien，Los Angeles。  new window
8.Thurgood, Graham(1997)。Genesis and evolution in register and tone systems: The processes and their reconstruction，Detroit。  new window
圖書論文
1.葉美娜(1995)。Tone in East Asian languages。The Handbook of Phonological Theory。Oxford。  new window
2.Matisoff, James A.(1973)。Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia。Consonant Types and Tone。Los Angeles。  new window
 
 
 
 
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