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題名:運動中皮膚血流量的控制
書刊名:中華體育季刊
作者:張瑞泰 引用關係
出版日期:2001
卷期:15:3=59
頁次:頁1-7
主題關鍵詞:皮膚血流量手前臂血流量血管收縮血管舒張
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:20
休息時手前臂血流量約在3-4 ml∕100ml.min,而當全身都暴露在熱環境下時,則可增加到24ml∕100ml.min,皮膚血流量為8 liters∕min。人體靠著增加心輸出量和血液重新分配,來應付這麼大的需求;其中2∕3來自於增加心輸出量,而1∕3來自於血液重新分配。運動訓練可以降低皮膚血流量-體內溫度的閾值,也就是在較低的中心體溫,皮膚血流量就會開始增加。而敏感度(斜率)則影響受過訓練者在一定的體內溫度下會有較高的皮膚血流量。這些改變顯示受過訓練的運動員的體溫調節能力較高,這對運動訓練是非常重要的,因為它促進了運動員的散熱能力,使得訓練的過程不會那麼痛苦,才能在間歇訓練中有高強度的訓練品質。 剛開始運動時,外圍血管因為交感神經的作用使血管收縮,因此皮膚血流量會下降。這是正腎上腺素刺激了交感神經纖維所引起,而不是血管擴張神經的移除。運動5-10分鐘後便會見到皮膚血流量開始增加,而中心體溫愈高,皮膚血流量也愈高。而神經控制的機轉,則是血管擴張的作用延遲,和血管的收縮作用無關。而運動超過5-10分鐘以後,隨著中心體溫的上升,使得皮膚血管更進一步的擴張,因而皮膚血流量也隨著增加。當中心體溫到達38℃時,皮膚血流量將達到飽和點,即使中心體溫再升高,也不會增加皮膚血流量。這可能是運動本身對皮膚循環的控制。另外一個可能的機轉則是受到重覺受器(baroreceptor)的控制,也就是動脈血壓的下降,引起血管收縮的反射作用,使得血管擴張作用無法持續增加。
期刊論文
1.Stephenson, L. A.、Kolka, M. A.(1985)。Menstrual phase and time of day alter reference signal controlling arm blood flow and sweating。American Journal of Physiology,249,186-191。  new window
2.Tankersley, C. G.、Smolander, J.、Kenney, W. L.、Fortney, S. M.(1991)。Sweating and skin blood flow during exercise: effects of age and maximal oxygen uptake。Journal of Applied Physiology,71,236-242。  new window
3.Zelis, R.、Mason, D. T.、Braunwald, E.(1969)。Partition of blood flow to the cutaneous and muscular beds of the forearm at rest and during leg exercise in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure。Circulation Research,24,799-806。  new window
4.Bevegard, B. S. M.、Shepherd, J. T.(1966)。Reaction in man of resistance and capacity vessels in forearm and hand to leg exercise。Journal of Applied Physiology,21,123-132。  new window
5.Bini, G.、Hagbarth, K. E.、Hynnicn, P.、Wallin, B. G.(1980)。Thermoregulatory and rhythm generating mechanism governing the sudomot and vasoconstrictor outflow in human cutaneous nerves。Journal of Physiology,306,537-552。  new window
6.Brengelmann, G. L.、Johnson, J. M.、Hermensen, L.、Rowell, L. B.(1977)。Altered control of skin blood flow during exercise at high internal temperatures。Journal of Applied Physiology,43,790-794。  new window
7.Edholm, O. G.、Fox, R. H.、Macpherson, R. K.(1956)。The effect of body heating on the circulation in skin and muscle。Journal of Physiology,134,612-619。  new window
8.Gonzalez-Alonso, J.、Mora-Rodriguez, R.、Below, P. R.、Coyle, E. F.(1995)。Dehydration reduces cardiac output and increases systemic and cutaneous vascular resistance during exercise。Journal of Applied Physiology,79(5),1487-1496。  new window
9.Ho, C. W.、Beard, J. L.、Farrell, P. A.、Minson, C. T.、Kenney, W. L.(1997)。Age, fitness, and regional blood flow during exercise in the heat。Journal of Applied Physiology,82,1126-1135。  new window
10.Johoson, J. M.、Rowell, L. B.(1975)。Forearm skin and muscle vascular responses to prolonged exercise in man。Journal of Applied Physiology,39,916-924。  new window
11.Johnson, J. M.、Park, M. K.(1981)。Effect of upright exercise on threshold for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating。Journal of Applied Physiology,50,814-818。  new window
12.Johnson, J. M.(1992)。Exercise and cutaneous circulation。Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews,20,59-97。  new window
13.Kellogg, D. L. Jr.、Johnson, J. M.、Kosiba, W. A.(1991)。Control of internal temperature threshold for active cutaneous vasodilation by dynamic exercise。Journal of Applied Physiology,71,2476-2482。  new window
14.Roberts, M. F.、Wenger, C. B.、Stolwijk, J. A. J.、Nadel, E. R.(1977)。Skin blood flow and sweating changes following exercise training and heat acclimation。Journal of Applied Physiology,43,133-137。  new window
15.Shaffrath, J. D.、Adams, W. C.(1984)。Effects of airflow and work load on cardiovascular drift and skin blood flow。Journal of Applied Physiology,56(5),1411-1417。  new window
16.Rowell, L. B.(1974)。Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress。Physiological Review,54(1),75-159。  new window
圖書
1.Shepherd, J. T.(1963)。Physiology of the Circulation in the Human Limbs in Health and Disease。Philadelphia, PA:WB Saunders。  new window
圖書論文
1.Johnson, J. M.、Proppe, D. W.(1996)。Cardiovascular adjustments to heat stress。Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 4, Environmental Physiology。  new window
 
 
 
 
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