本研究首先針對被射物表面射擊殘跡鑑識相關文獻進行探討，針對現行方法的缺點提出改進方法。接著對無鉛子單的彈頭材質結構、底火和發射火藥主成分進行分析，得到明確的成分資料，用於預測無鉛子彈射擊殘跡的成分特徵，供為發展無鉛子彈射擊殘跡檢測方法的基礎。 再以手槍在各種條件下試射一般子彈和無鉛子彈，取得被射物表面火藥殘留樣品。次針對影響被射物表面火藥殘留分佈範圍的主要變數，如射擊距離、子彈種類、槍管長度等根據實驗結果加以探討。並將所得結果統計分析，結果發現火藥殘留分佈範圍之直徑平均值和射擊距離具線性關係，射擊不同種類子彈或使用槍管長變不同的槍枝對火藥殘留分佈範圍都有影響。 被射物表面無鉛子彈射擊殘跡則分別進行無機成分和有機成分的呈色試驗，無機成分以Sodium Rhodizonate和Rubeanic Acid試劑分別進行鉛和銅的呈色，有機成分則以傳統的Walker’s Test和本研究研發之薄層板配合Griess Regent呈色步驟進行呈色並比較優劣。無機成分呈色結果發現，無鉛子彈射擊殘跡的鉛呈色試驗均為陰性，而銅呈色試驗則均為陽性。故進行無鉛子彈射擊殘跡呈色時，宜以銅為檢測標的而非傳統的鉛元素。 有機成分呈色結果發現，以使用丙酮濕潤薄層板配合Griess Reagent的步驟呈色效果最佳，不但呈色結果清晰明顯，且幾乎沒有背景干擾。使用乙醇濕潤薄層板的步驟色效果次之，呈色略淺，各呈色點面積較小。Walker”s Test的呈色結果最差，顯現顏色的火藥顆粒數目最少，點狀呈色淺而不清楚，且背景呈色干擾嚴重。此外，本研究發展的步驟尚具操作程序簡便、較不危害操作人健康、自被射物表面轉移有機射擊殘跡到反應極質的效率高、可催化分解火藥成分以產生參與反應的亞硝酸根離子、呈色反應較完全、呈色結果較清晰、靈敏度高等優點。因此，本研究發展的有機射擊殘跡分佈範圍呈色法具高度的實用性，值得轉移到鑑識實務單位試用。

A literature review on the examination of gunshot residues (GSR) deposited by discharging leadless ammunition was firstly performed. Feasible improved procedures were then proposed for further tests. To examine the influence of the range of fire, ammunition brand, and barrel length toward the GSR pattern on target, test firings were conducted using 9mm self-loading pistols and ammunitions from various manufactures. Diameters of GSR patterns were then measured and statistically analyzed. The results indicated that the average diameter of GSR pattern was linear function to the range of fire. The change of barrel length and ammunition brand would also significantly affect the distribution of target GSR. Chemical tests of inorganic GSR reveled that GSR generated by leadless ammunition did not contain sufficient amount of lead for color test. The best candidate for the chemical test of inorganic GSR would be cooper rather than lead. In the topic of organic target GSR examination, experiments were carried out to compare the performance of Walker’s test and procedures proposed by this work. The results revealed that proposed method employing acetone soaked TLC plate and Griess spraying reagent give the best results, followed by the proposed method using ethanol instead of acetone, where Walker’s test yield the poorest results. In addition, the proposed procedures are simples, timesaving, less harmful, very sensitive, and highly efficient in transferring GSR to the TLC plate and yielding of reactant nitrites. The color spots developed by proposed procedures are corresponding with the distribution of propellant residues, clear, and intense with almost no background interference. Thus the developed procedures would meet the requirements of the field firearms examiners for the determination of organic target GSR pattern deposited by firing leadless ammunition.