社會要現代化，必須先從人的現代化做起。孔孟學說是以人為本，對什麼叫人？以及自我定位、人我分際，都有很明確的主張，是建設具有特色現代化社會的指針。可惜民以來的新文化運動學者，卻以否定傳統文化為前提，使近百年的現代化努力無法落實，離現代化的理想，還有一段漫長的距離。本文從「人」的角度來看社會如何現代化；以《論語》為基本文獻，並參考儒學相關著作，期能澄清部分學者對孔、孟儒家的誤解，也為儒學能接軌現代社會，指導人類，提供其可能性和必要性。

　　　　　To modernize our society, we first need modernized citizens. Confucianism, with its tenacious follower, Mencius, bases its propositions on man himself. The Confucius-Mencius proponents have a clear conviction on identity and self-other difference, offering unambiguous directions for a society targeting at certain definitive objectives. The New Literature Movement begun at the establishment of the Republic of China has had as its pathetic premise the complete negation of tradition. As a result, over the past century, despite the huge effort invested, modernization has not been implemented on practical ground. This essay proposes to examine the progress of modernization from the standpoint of "man": Using Confucian Analects and the work of Mencius as texts, I document relevant Confucian commentary, in hope to clarify some of the scholarly misunderstandings. It is my wish to provide possibility and assert necessity for linking Confucianism and modern society.