種族歧視外一章--二次大戰前美國男性華人洗衣人員生活的性別面向_

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題名：	種族歧視外一章--二次大戰前美國男性華人洗衣人員生活的性別面向
書刊名：	歐美研究
作者：	王秀惠
作者(外文)：	Wang, Hsiu-hui
出版日期：	2003
卷期：	33:4
頁次：	頁801-849
主題關鍵詞：	種族歧視；性別；男性華人洗衣人員；Racism；Gender；Chinese laundrymen
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:61

本文檢視二次大戰前，以男性為主的美國華人洗衣人員生活中的性別面向，分析種族和性別因素之影響力。論文以洗衣工作為主軸，分析美國女性工作與家庭地位的演變，進而剖析其如何影響身為少數族群的男性華人洗衣人員的生活。研究發現多元種族的美國社會，男性生活中的性別面向，會依種族膚色不同而各有差異，顯示白人社會將性別因素融入其權力結構之中，經由父權體制的運作，使得性別以一種隱喻的方式，傳達和體現種族不平等的社會關係。但是男性華人洗衣人員彰顯洗衣工作的生產意義，用商業經營的模式與專業服務相互連結，藉以沖淡工作中的女性象徵或家庭勞務意涵，並凸顯出他們試圖擺脫美國社會種族歧視和經濟箝制的努力。

以文找文

The paper examines the roles of race and gender in the lives of Chinese laundrymen in the United States before World War II. Fo-cused on laundry work, the study investigates first the development of Chinese laundries, along with the changes of work and family among American women; and secondly how these changes affected the work experiences and lives of Chinese laundrymen. As the study indicated, articulated by systems of race and gender, laundry work was organized to produce and reproduce the social relations of power. Depending on their race, men in the United States experience gender in different ways. Chinese laundrymen were regarded as substitutes for American women doing domestic work, and thus became outcaste from the power politics. Under the mechanism of patriarchy and racial hegemony, American white society integrated complicatedly the gender issue with its racial relations. Yet, with the establishment of commercial laundries and the stress on professionally laundering men’s shirts, Chinese laundrymen employed various ways to reduce gender implica-tions of laundry work and eventually to struggle against the racism and economic restrictions.

以文找文

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3.	行政院主計處公務預算局，Yu, R.(1992)。To save China, to save ourselves: The Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance of New York，Philadelphia, PA。
4.	行政院主計處公務預算局，Yung, J.(1995)。Unbound feet: A social history of Chinese women in San Francisco，Berkeley, CA。
5.	黃祐寬(1927)。旅美華僑經濟史略（6），紐約。延伸查詢
6.	Fletcher, F. B.(1922)。Selling laundry service。
7.	Laundryowners’ National Association of the United States and Canada(1927)。The yearbook of the 44 annual convention, Laundryowners’ National Association of the United States and Canada。

圖書論文
1.	張蔭桓(1983)。三洲日記。晚清海外筆記選。北京：海洋出版社。延伸查詢
2.	Goellnicht, Donald C.(1992)。Tang Ao in America: Male Subject Positions in China Men。Reading the Literatures of Asian America。Philadelphia。

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