The purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophical foundation of political ethics and its essential contents according to the teachings of Catholic Church. The first section will discuss some fundamental questions of relation between Ethics and Politics. Starting with the evaluation of three approaches that have appeared in the history: moral integralism, political realism and syncretism, we will make clear the tension that exists between politics and ethics both independent and yet related one to another. In the second section, we will propose scholastic philosophy, understood in the broad sense as Catholic social thought, as capable of offering a true foundation for political ethics. Here we will discuss and some Papal encyclical letters. The third section, extending the acquired results in the previous section, will elaborate an ideal image of political ethics and offer the essentials of Catholic political ethics, all in doing some critical reflection on the actual political theories and practices. In the last section, we'll make our conclusion in emphasizing the idealizing and critical function of Catholic political ethics which is considered as essential to the progress and maturity of Democratic polity.