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題名:Imagined Violence: Representing Homicide in Late Imperial Crime Reports and Fiction
書刊名:中國文哲研究集刊
作者:何谷理
作者(外文):Hegel, Robert E.
出版日期:2004
卷期:25
頁次:頁61-89
主題關鍵詞:想像的暴力描寫體敘事體細節書寫用意再現DescriptionDetailsImagined violenceIntention in writingNarrativeRepresentation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:52
本文嘗試透過研究暴力的再現這一課題探討中國明清時代的書寫文化。研究材料包括:流行於清代的明清白話小說、清代刑科題本及清代的相關檔案文獻。通過分析這些材料如何再現憤怒的情狀、爭奪武器而導致命案以及勇士間的械鬥,我得出結論,認爲小說作者對暴力的敘述是以最簡潔的方式進行的;他們把對細節的想像留給了讀者,這種寫法用意在於讓讀者通過積極參與對現場的創造而獲得審美愉悅。與小說相比,對受傷身體高度細節化的描寫構成清代刑科題本的核心證據,這些描寫被置於官方調查的敘事模式和主犯及目擊人敘事性證詞的脈絡中,其預設效果,是排除讀者想了象性解釋證據的可能性,即,只能存在一種讀法:這種讀法必須直接導向對「大清律例」中所描述的、應受到特定刑罰的特定暴力行爲的識別。檔案文獻中敘事性證詞的再現與小說敘事有一些共同特點,如二者約缺乏對暴力的細節化描寫。我將摘錄三種清代刑科題本來支持上述論點。對比而言,似乎是將以上兩種寫作方式相結合的明清公案小說在形式上更接近其他小說而非法律文獻:公案小說強調對暴力的敘事而非對暴力的描寫,爲的是激發讀者的創造性想像。
This essay seeks to explore the culture of writing in late imperial China by focusing on one common topic: the representation of violence. Materials examined here include vernacular fiction of the Ming and Qing periods that continued to be popular through the Qing period, and crime case reports and related documents from the Qing. Through examinations of the effects of violent rage, a struggle over a weapon that ends in death, and a battle between heavily armed warriors, I conclude that writers of fiction narrated violent acts in the most concise manner possible, leaving the details to the imagination of the reader. This technique is intended to entertain by actively involving the reader in the creation of the scene. By contrast, descriptions of wounded bodies form the central evidence in Qing period crime case reports. These highly detailed descriptions are contextualized by using the narrative of the official investigation and the narrative testimony of the principals and the witnesses of the crime. The intended effect is to preclude imaginative interpretations of the facts; there could be only one reading, which had to lead directly to an identification of the violent act, with a punishment as described in the Da Qing lüli, the Qing penal code. Narrative testimony as it was represented in legal documents shares some characteristics with fictional narrative, namely its lack of detailed description. Excerpts from three Qing crime cases support these conclusions. Ming-Qing gong'an xiaoshuo, the legal fiction that would seemingly combine these two approaches to writing, in formal terms is clearly more like other fiction than like legal documents: it emphasizes narration rather than description of violence to spark the readers' creative imagination.
期刊論文
1.Park, Nancy、Antony, Robert(1993)。Archival Research in Qing Legal History。Late Imperial China,14(1),93-137。  new window
2.Hanan, Patrick(1980)。Judge Bao's Hundred Cases Reconstructed。Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,40(2),301-323。  new window
3.André, James, St.(2002)。Picturing Judge Bao in Ming Shangtu Xiawen Fiction。Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews,24,43-73。  new window
圖書
1.Jone, William C(1994)。The Great Qing Code。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Hegel, Robert(1998)。Reading Illustrated Fiction in Late Imperial China。Stanford:Stanford University Press。  new window
3.譚正璧(1980)。三言兩拍資料。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳啟明(1955)。水滸全傳插圖。水滸全傳插圖。北京。  延伸查詢new window
5.Sung, Tz‘u(1981)。The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic of Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China。The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic of Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China。Ann Arbor。  new window
6.(元)施耐庵(1980)。Outlaws of the Marsh。Beijing。  延伸查詢new window
7.van der Sprenkel, Sybille(1962)。Legal Institutions in Manchu China, A Sociological Analysis。London。  new window
8.Daoku, Wang(1954)。水滸全傳。Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House。  new window
9.Scarry, Elaine(1985)。The body in pain: the making and unmaking of the worlds。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
10.薛允升、黃靜嘉(1970)。讀例存疑。臺北:成文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.陳曦鍾、侯忠義、魯玉川、施耐庵(1987)。水滸傳會評本。北京:北京大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.大塚秀高(1987)。增補中國通俗小說書目。東京:汲古書院。  延伸查詢new window
13.Mair, Victor H.(2001)。The Columbia History of Chinese Literature。New York:Columbia University Press。  new window
14.(1965)。明容與堂刻水滸傳圖。明容與堂刻水滸傳圖。北京。  延伸查詢new window
15.Hegel, Robert E.(2004)。Rewriting the Tang: Humor, Heroics, and Imaginative Reading。Snakes' Legs: Sequels, Continuations, Rewritings, and Chinese Fiction。Honolulu。  new window
16.Epstein, Maram。Making a Case: Characterization, Agency and Emotions。Writing and Law in Late Imperial China: Crime, Conflict, and Judgment。Seattle。  new window
其他
1.軍機處錄副奏摺法律類。  延伸查詢new window
2.(1975)。第五才子書施耐庵水滸傳,北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.(明)馮夢龍(1965)。醒世恆言,香港。  延伸查詢new window
4.鴛湖漁叟(1985)。說唐全傳,上海。  延伸查詢new window
5.居官福惠全書,中國金陵。  延伸查詢new window
6.內閣題本刑罰類。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Rolston, David(1997)。Traditional Chinese Fiction and Fiction Commentary。Traditional Chinese Fiction and Fiction Commentary。Stanford。  new window
 
 
 
 
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