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題名:網際網路為美國總統選舉帶來新紀元--狄恩選戰的啟示
書刊名:玄奘資訊傳播學報
作者:汪萬里
作者(外文):Wang, Bill W.
出版日期:2004
卷期:1
頁次:頁271-290
主題關鍵詞:狄恩網路初選黨團會議政紿獻金政治動員Howard DeanPrimaryCaucusCampaign contributionsInternet
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:40
  網際網路在1996 年美國大選首度成為總統競選的媒介之一,四年之後的大選,幾乎所有總統候選人都設有網站,不過他們並不了解網路互動的特性。直到2003 年,前佛蒙特卅長狄恩爭取民主黨總統候選人提名,從沒沒無聞迅速攀登九位競爭者中民意支持度之首,尤其是在募款方面,他竟然超過其他幾位知名政治人物,主要的原因就是他善用網際網路,透過網路讓他能夠接觸一些從來沒有參與政治活動的民眾,匯集散佈各地的零星支持者形成一股龐大的力量。   不過,狄恩成為媒體注目的焦點後,一再失言,等到提名選戰白熱化以後,雖然他花了很多錢作廣告,卻無法贏得中間選民的支持。在提名選戰第一役的愛阿華州黨團會議大敗,從此一蹶不振,有人認為他就像1990 年代末期的許多網路公司一樣,是一場過度誇張的網路泡沫。   本文從狄恩的支持者、他使用網路的情形、及狄恩本身和他傳達的訊息分析他這場選戰,發現他的團隊確實能透過網路與支持者保持充分的互動,使得這場選戰成為大家共同參與的團隊行動。然而,狄恩本身經驗不足,經不起嚴格的檢驗,最後還是逃不過失敗的命運。但是他利用網路動員支持者和募款的創意,已將美國總統選戰帶進一個新的紀元。
  The internet made its debut in U.S. presidential races in 1996, but, until last year, it was used mainly as a means of selling the candidates and raising funds, not much different from other media such as television or direct mail. Former Vermont Governor Howard Dean's ingenious use of the web, however, had catapulted him from an obscure figure on the national scene into the front-running status by the end of 2003, when he raised record funds at the expense of some of the nationally renowned opponents. But his spectacular rise faded quickly after Iowa and New Hampshire, where Democrats chose John Kerry, a decorated Vietnam veteran, instead of Dean because of his often confusing remarks. That led to comparison between his campaign and the internet bubbles of the 1990s.   The study has examined his campaign from three different angles: his supporters, the media (the internet), and the messenger and his message. The findings show that he had, indeed, taken advantage of the interactive nature of the internet and run a decentralized campaign where supporters were free to take the initiative in organizing various activities that attracted many who had never taken part in political activities, not to mention making campaign contributions. Although he failed to win the nomination, his successful use of the powerful new medium has ushered in a new era in US presidential campaigning.
期刊論文
1.Hall, J.(2004)。Weighing anchor。Columbia Journalism Review,42(5),17-19。  new window
2.Levy, Steve(20040329)。Dean's Net Effect Is Just the Start。Newsweek,143(13),73。  new window
3.Conhaim, Wallys W.(200403)。Campaigning on the Web。Information Today,21(3),25-26。  new window
4.Tumulty, Karen(20040112)。Inside the Mind of Howard Dean。Time,163(2),22。  new window
5.Palser, Barb(2003)。Virtual Campaigning。American Journalism Review,25(7),86。  new window
6.Sanchez, Julian(200405)。Net Savvy。Reason,36(1),15-16。  new window
7.(20040214)。A Useful Piece of Scream Therapy。Economist,370(8632),32。  new window
8.Greider, William(20040318)。Dean's Rough Ride。Nation,278(9),5-6。  new window
9.Gillmor, Dan(20030825)。IT Lessons from Dean Campaign。Computerworld,37(34),21。  new window
10.Wells, Paul(20030818)。The Dean Webhead。Maclean's,116(33),52。  new window
11.Durham, Richard S.(20040216)。Why Dean Bubble Popped。Business Week,3870,38。  new window
圖書
1.Mills, D. Quinn(2002)。Buy, Lie, and Sell High。Pearson Education, Inc.。  new window
其他
1.Faler, Brian(20040220)。Dean Leaves Legacy of Online Campaign。  new window
2.Balz, Dan,Morin, Richard(20031223)。Bush Gets Year-End Boost in Approval。  new window
3.Laurence, Jill(20040219)。Staffers Fill in Details of the Decline of Dean。  new window
4.VandeHei, Jim(20040402)。Kerry Funds Signal Hope for Party。  new window
5.O'Reilly, Dennis(20040212)。Can the Internet Save Democracy?,http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,114765,00.asp。  new window
6.Femia, Will(20030701)。Joe Trippi, Campaign Manager for Howard Dean, Finding Support Online,http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3080937。  new window
7.Page, Susan(20040209)。While Losing, Dean Has Transformed Race, Politics。  new window
8.Cone, Ed(20040209)。Trippi Q&A with Ed Cone,http://www.itconversations.com/transcripts/transcript72.html。  new window
9.Lessig, Lawrence(20030819)。Blog for America: Lessig Interview with Joe Trippi,http:/blog2.deanforamerica.com/archives/001096.html。  new window
 
 
 
 
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