Moral science is a practical science that concerns human action-a kind of action which a human being performs at the mercy of both of the human faculties: will and reason. Human will is directed at the end, for the sake of which action is done, and human reason is directed at the truth of what is good. Thomas holds that the end, for which will desires, can fall into the natural and the supernatural end. According to this division, Thomas's moral science correspondingly is broken up into a based-reason moral philosophy and a based-belief moral theology, with the former eventually and necessarily leading to the latter at the fundamental level. Nonetheless, Thomas's moral philosophy is still able to hold its own up a relative point. The aim of the present paper is to provide an account of Thomas' theory of voluntary action from the standpoint of moral philosophy. In Thomas' view, voluntary action is equivalent to moral action. This implies that moral status of action presupposes the voluntary grounded in willing. This is to say that moral imputation involves the voluntary. This paper first brings out Thomas' famous distinction between actions humane and actions humanae and actiones hominis with a view to ascertaining the nature and source of the voluntary. This distinction shows that actions humanae are based on the internal principle involving reason and will. Since the voluntary is grounded in the internal principle, those actions are, on the contrary, involuntary that are brought on by forced constraint and ignorance as external principles. However, not all such principles can bring about, without exceptions, actions that are involuntary. The paper finally also analyzes the complicated relations of force and ignorance to the two-fold activity of will. And perhaps it is worthy to emphasize that the difference between the elicited act and the commanded act of a will, which Thomas made, and his claim that the former act is the essential determination of the will, are a piece of the most original contribution made by him to the theory of free will in Western ethics.