This paper interprets Zhou Dunyi's Explanations of Tai Ji Diagram as well as his Essay on Transforming (Tong Shu) through the perspective of the image-numbers of the Changes. It argues that the distinctive doctrine of the so-called "production by opposition" function as the inner dynamic structure of Zhou's thoughts. Accordingly, some new interpretations are proposed, and they are quite different from the prevailing explanatory mode of "cosmology plus ethics." Also related are such long debated questions as: the relations between taiji (the ultimate) and wuji (none-ultimate), (aiji and liangyi (two poles), cheng (sincerity) and taiji, and that between the middle (zhong) and (aiji as well cheng. From this new perspective, Zhou's Explanations of Tai Ji Diagram is not merely a vague prelude to the later prevailing doctrines (Cheng, Zhu, Lu, Wang), but a groundbreaking (or, epoch-making) invention that has its own distinctive originality and conceptual sophistication, and is not exhausted by the following neo-Confucians. In the final part, the paper compares Zhou with Pythagorean and Leibniz' thoughts, in order to foreground the key role played by "image-number" in forming the great Chinese philosophical traditions and the structural differences between Chinese and Western traditions.