The Control of Fundamental Frequency in Chinese Aphasics: Impaired or Intact Prosody_

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題名：	The Control of Fundamental Frequency in Chinese Aphasics: Impaired or Intact Prosody
書刊名：	Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者：	薩文蕙
作者(外文)：	Sah, Wen-hui
出版日期：	2004
卷期：	30:1
頁次：	頁129-149
主題關鍵詞：	基頻；句首基頻效應；句尾基頻下降；失語症；音律；分離性的損壞；Fundamental frequency；Sentence-final peak-to-valley F□ fall；The Pl effect；Aphasia；Prosody；Dissociable impairment
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:51

臨床上依聽覺判斷，一般將維氏 (Wernicke’s) 病人定位為音律表現完好，而將布氏 (Broca’s) 病人歸為音律異常 (dyprosody)。然音律(prosody)一辭包羅甚廣，舉凡基頻、字長、強度等聲學特性均在其範疇中。本研究以句首基頻效應 (P1 effect) 及句尾基頻下降現象 (peak-to-valley F0 fall) 為指標，檢驗以音律表現完好與否來區分布氏及維氏兩種病人的有效性。本研究實驗組有八名失語症病人。根據波士頓失語診斷測驗，布氏病人共四位，維氏病人共四位。控制組為四位健康的正常人。實驗者設計了四組長度不同的句子；每組八句，每句之關鍵字為同一聲調，八句平均使用國語中四個聲調。受試者須將實驗者所呈現的句子唸出，所有語料均錄音並進行聲學分析。最後，將分析結果加以統計考驗。實驗結果顯示，布氏病人的基頻表現並非全面性損壞，他們仍能掌控某些特性；而維氏病人未如一般預期能完好地處理基頻。是以，不同基頻特性的損壞彼此間是可分離的 (dissociable)。此外，若僅以音律一詞來界定，而不釐清是以音律(甚至於基頻)的那些特性作區分，未免失之籠統，以致無法作出有效的失語症分類判斷。

以文找文

This study explores in what way the sentence-final peak-to-valley F0 fall and the P1 effect manifest themselves in Chinese aphasic speech and detects the extent to which aphasics exert control over fundamental frequency concerning different sentence lengths and tones. Four Broca’s aphasics, four Wernicke’s aphasics and four age-matched normal controls are tested. The results indicate that the terminal peak-to-valley F0 fall is a significant feature of intonation contour in both Chinese normal and aphasic speech. Regarding the P1 effect, Broca’s aphasics are impaired in programming this prosodic feature, whereas Wernicke’s patients remain intact in this ability. The information obtained here suggests that the impairments in different prosodic features are dissociable. Therefore, we need to reconsider the validity of the clinical view that differentiates Broca’s from Wernicke’s aphasics in terms of “dysprosody” or “normal prosody.”

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Goldsmith, J.(1976)。An Overview of Autosegmental Phonology。Linguistic Analysis，2，23-68。
2.	Baum, Shari、Boyczuk, Jeffrey(1999)。Speech timing subsequent to brain damage: effects of utterance length and complexity。Brain and Language，67，30-45。
3.	Baum, Shari、Pell, Marc、Leonard, Carol、Gordon, Jeanne(1997)。The ability of right-and left-hemisphere-damage individuals to produce and interpret prosodic cues marking phrasal boundaries。Language and Speech，40，313-330。
4.	Blonder, Lee、Pickering, John、Heath, Robin、Smith, Charles E.、Butler, Steven(1995)。Prosodic characteristics of speech pre- and post-right hemisphere stroke。Brain and Language，51，318-335。
5.	Carter, Allyson、Dillon, Caitlin、Pisoni, David(2002)。Imitation of nonwords by hearing impaired children with cochlear implants: Suprasegmental analyses。Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics，16(8)，619-638。
6.	Danly, Martha、Cooper, William、Shapiro, Barbara(1983)。Fundamental frequency, language processing, and linguistic structure in Wernicke‘s aphasia。Brain and Language，19，1-24。
7.	Danly, Martha、Shapiro, Barbara(1982)。Speech prosody in Broca‘s aphasia。Brain and Language，16，171-190。
8.	Gandour, Jack、Dardaranada, Rochana(1984)。Prosodic disturbance in aphasia: Vowel length in Thai。Brain and Language，23，206-224。
9.	Gandour, Jack、Dechongkit, Sumalee、Ponglorpisit, Suvit、Khunadorn, Fuangfa(1994)。Speech timing at the sentence level in Thai after unilateral brain damage。Brain and Language，46，419-438。
10.	Gandour, Jack、Petty, Sorganee(1989)。Dysprosody in Broca‘s aphasia: A case study。Brain and Language，37，232-257。
11.	Goodglass, Harold、Kaplan, Edith(1967)。Prosodic factors in grammar-evidence from aphasia。Journal of Speech and Hearing Research: a Publication of the American Speech and Hearing Association，10，5-20。
12.	Kimelman, Mikael(1999)。Prosody, linguistic demands and auditory comprehension in aphasia。Brain and Language，69(2)，212-221。
13.	Monrad-Krohn, G.(1947)。Dysprosody or altered "melody of language"。Brain，70，405-415。
14.	Ryalls, John(1982)。Intonation in Borca‘s aphasia。Neuropsychologia，20，355-360。
15.	Ryalls, John(1984)。Some acoustic aspects of fundamental frequency of CVC utterances in aphasia。Phonetica，41，103-111。
16.	Schirmer, Annett、Alter, Kai、Friederic, Angela(2001)。Lateralization of prosody during language production: A lesion study。Brain and Language，76(1)，1-17。
17.	Shapiro, Lewis、Nagel, Nicholas(1995)。Lexical properties, prosody, and syntax: implications for normal and disordered language。Brain and Language，50(2)，240-257。

學位論文
1.	Maeda, Shinji(1976)。A Characterization of American English Intonation(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Cambridge, MA。
2.	Vijayan, Aparna(1998)。Speech Production after Unilateral Brain Damage: Aspects of Linguistic Prosody。

圖書
1.	Goldsmith, John A.(1990)。Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology。Indiana University Linguistics Club。Indiana：Bloomington。
2.	Cruttenden, Alan(1986)。Intonation。Cambridge：New York：Cambridge University Press。
3.	Levelt, Willem J. M.(1989)。Speaking: From intentions to articulation。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
4.	Kaplan, E.、Goodglass, H.(1983)。The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders。The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders。Philadelphia。
5.	Cooper, William E.、Paccia-Cooper, Jeanne(1980)。Syntax and Speech。Cambridge, Mass.：Harvard University Press。
6.	Blumstein, Sheila(1973)。A Phonological Investigation of Aphasic Speech。The Hague。
7.	Lieberman, Philip、Blumstein, Sheila(1988)。Speech Physiology, Speech Perception, and Acoustic Phonetics。Speech Physiology, Speech Perception, and Acoustic Phonetics。Cambridge。
8.	Hecaen, Henri、Albert, Martin(1978)。Human Neuropsychology。New York。
9.	Cooper, William、Sorensen, John(1981)。Fundamental Frequency in Sentence Production。Fundamental Frequency in Sentence Production。New York。
10.	Lea, W.(1973)。Segmental and suprasegmental influences on fundamental frequency contours。Consonant Types and Tone: Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics (No. 1)。Los Angeles。
11.	Monrad-Krohn, G.(1963)。The third element of speech: Prosody and its disorders。Problem of Dynamic Neurology。Jeusalem。

其他
1.	Cooper, William，Danly, Martha，Hamby, Suzanne(1979)。Fundamental frequency (F0) attributes in the speech of Wernicke‘s aphasics。
2.	Danly, Martha，Villiers, Jill de，Cooper, William(1979)。The control of speech prosody in Broca‘s aphasia。
3.	薩文蕙(2004)。Speech prosody in Chinese Broca‘s and Wernicke’s aphasics: An acoustic investigation of word duration，Taipei。
4.	薩文蕙(2004)。Speech prosody in Chinese Aphasic Speakers: Breath-group or Declination theory，Taipei。

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