吾人瀏覽中外教育，思想史上有關自然主義的提倡，在西方盧梭是導源者，在中國則首推老子，兩者的教育思想均對後代影響深遠。教育思想往往導源於其哲學立場，由於二人所處的空間中西相異，時代亦相差三千二百年左右，雖然同樣倡導自然主義，其間必有異同入處，實值得剖析與探討，以真正了解其精隨，提供教育上的應用與參考。 故本研究藉由老子與盧梭的哲學立場、教育思想的比較，歸納其異同，評論其得失，以為當代教育的參考。因此，為達成本研究目的，本研究採文獻探討法、歷史研究法、觀念分析法，更用歸納的方法，進行綜合與分析。選材兼取原始資料及二手資料，蒐集國內有關老子、盧梭的研究論文，予以分析、比較。研究的步驟，從老子和盧梭的教育理論其礎著手，探究其哲學立場、教育思想，再歸納其異同，最後做成綜合比較。本研究的範圍與內容，乃從老子與盧梭的思想背景比較二人哲學立場的異同，其間選擇就人性論與知識論兩方面加以分析；復探討二人教育思想中的異同，從教育目的、教育內容、教育方法等層面予以比較，並歸納綜合了，人哲學與教育思想的異同且予以融貫之。最後的結論乃是汲取精義，並加以評析，以獲致對當前教育文化發展之一些啟示。

When we review the Chinese and Western history of educational ideas, we can find the most important promoter of naturalism are Rousseau in Western and Laotse in Chinese. The two men were from different age and place. Although they all promoted the naturalism, they may have lots of differences between educational ideas. It is worthy to investigate and compare for the use and reference on nowadays education. The purpose of this study was to analysis the philosophical principles of Laotse and Rousseau and elucidated their educational ideas, including discussing the educational purpose, educational contents ,the educational methods and comparing each other between these two persons. To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher used the methods of literatures investigation、historical research, ideas analysis, and induction for study. At last, The researcher tried to induct, blend criticize and judge the resu1ts of this research and gave the last results and suggestions for the reference of education and culture development in future.