加拿大多邊主義外交與治理--持續與轉變__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	加拿大多邊主義外交與治理--持續與轉變
書刊名：	臺灣國際研究季刊
作者：	吳得源
作者(外文)：	Wu, Der-yuan
出版日期：	2005
卷期：	1:1
頁次：	頁1-29
主題關鍵詞：	多邊主義；多層治理；中型國家；加美關係；公共外交；靜默外交
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:28

加拿大外交政策實踐，一直圍繞在「多邊主義」的精神上，特
別強調外交作為需建立在多邊政策網絡建構與充分諮商的基礎之
上。這種實踐模式的形成，歷史上與「中型國家」理念的提出和「加
美關係」考量有相當關連。就實例而言，這種「多邊主義」精神，
過去相當程度表現在加國與中華人民共和國建交談判的過程之上。
當時，加國政府訊息交換的對象，除了傳統北約盟國外，更包括澳、
紐、瑞典等「中型國家」、開發中國家如：巴基斯坦、印度，以及處
於潛在利害衝突的蘇聯、義大利與中華民國。這是一種建立在傳統
國家行為者單一層級，以政府對政府兩兩互動構成的車輻式政策網
絡型態。
在後冷戰時代，加拿大外交實踐則逐漸呈現「多層治理」型態，
也就是由政府外交部門與非政府組織緊密合作，參與國際組織與會
議，共同構築跨國性、蛛網式多邊政策網絡。同時，此一階段的外
交政策持續保有過去「志同道合國家」間進行議題功能合作、多邊
諮商的精神，也就是：透過與若干長期合作對象，如：澳洲、紐西
蘭及挪威等北歐「中型國家」相結盟；但同時，也視政策議題範圍
性質不同，再進一步納入不同的其他「志同道合」國家為合作夥伴；
並將多邊夥伴關係與諮商對象擴及國內外非政府組織。就「渥太華
除雷公約」與「羅馬規約」例子而言，加國這種「多層治理」外交
甚至成功克服了美國政府刻意缺席或反對所帶來的險阻。

以文找文

The practice of Canadian diplomacy consistently revolves around the
principle of “multilateralism,” with a special emphasis upon coalition- and
network-building and sufficient consultation. In historical context, this
practice was closely related to the idea of “middle power” and the
deliberation of “Canadian-American relationship.” Its spirit was largely
present in the process of Stockholm negotiations between Canada and the
People’s Republic of China, 1969-70. At the time, Canada provided or
exchanged information with traditional NATO allies, “middle powers,”
including Australia, New Zealand and Sweden, as well as some states that
might clash with the Canadian policy move. This phase of multilateralist
diplomacy was characterized with single-leveled, cob-shaped, multilateral
policy network composed of government-to-government mutual interactions.
In post Cold War era, Canadian foreign policy is further oriented toward
“multilayered governance.” That is, government and NGOs build a close
partnership in participating in international organizations and conferences as
well as forge transnational and multilateral policy networks. Meanwhile, the
practice of consultation and selective coalition-building among Like-Minded
States with respective specialization on some functional issue areas persists.
In the cases of the “Ottawa process” and “Rome Statute for International
Criminal Court,” the Canadian multilayered governance had successfully
overcome possible hurdles created by the absence or objection of the
American government.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Black, David、Turenne-Sjolander, Claire(1996)。Multilateralism Re-constituted and the Discourse of Canadian Foreign Policy。Studies in Political Economy，49，7-36。
2.	Caporaso, James A.(1992)。International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations。International Organization，433。
3.	Chapnick, Adam(2002)。Principle for Profit: The Functional Principle and the Development of Canadian Foreign Policy, 1943-1947。Journal of Canadian Studies，37(2)。
4.	Edmonds, Robert(1998)。Canada's Recognition of the People's Republic of China。Canadian Foreign Policy，5(2)，201-217。
5.	Keohane, Robert O.(1993)。Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research。International Journal，454。
6.	Neufeld, Mark(1995)。Hegemony and Foreign Policy Analysis: The Case of Canada as Middle Power。Studies in Political Economy，48，7-29。
7.	Oudenaren, John Van(2004)。Unipolar Versus Unilateral。Policy Review，124。
8.	Solana, Javier(2004)。Rules With Teeth。Foreign Policy，144。
9.	Tepperman, Jonathan D.(2004)。Some Hard Truths About Multilateralism。World Policy Journal，21(2)。
10.	Wallerstein, Immanuel(2004)。Soft Multilateralism。The Nation，278(4)。
11.	吳得源(19970600)。加拿大政黨政治與一九九七年大選之分析。美歐季刊，12(2)=130，1-22。延伸查詢

會議論文
1.	Wu, Der-yuan(2001)。Multilateral Engagement in Middle Power Diplomacy: Archival Evidence of the Canadian Practice。The 5th Canadian Studies Conference，National Chengchi University 。Taipei。
2.	Wu, Der-yuan(2001)。Engaged Independence: The Case of the Sino-Canadian Stockholm Negotiations, 1969-70。The 2001 Canadian Political Science Association Annual Conference，(會議日期: 2001/5/27-29)。Quebec city, Quebec：Universite Laval。

學位論文
1.	Wu, Der-yuan(2001)。Institutional Development and Adaptability: Canada, Taiwan and the Social Construction of One China(博士論文)。Carleton University，Ottawa。

圖書
1.	Axworthy, Thomas S.(2003)。Unwilling to be Willing: The Primacy and Capability Principles in Canadian-American Relations。Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute。
2.	Garment, David、Hillmer, Norman、Hampson, Fen O.(2003)。Canada Among Nations 2003: Coping With the American Colossus。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
3.	Granatstein, J. L.(1989)。How Britain's Weakness Forced Canada into the Arms of the United States。Toronto：University of Toronto Press。
4.	Granatstein, J. L.(1992)。Towards a New World: Readings in the History of Canadian Foreign Policy。Toronto：Copp Clark Pitman。
5.	Granatstein, J. L.(1993)。Canadian Foreign Policy: Historical Readings。Toronto：Copp Clark Pitman。
6.	Granatstein, J. L.、Hillmer, Norman(1991)。For Better or For Worse: Canada and the United States to the 1990s。Toronto：Copp Clark Pitman。
7.	Hillmer, Norman(1989)。Partners Nevertheless: Canadian-American Relations in the Twentieth Century。Toronto：Copp Clark Pitman。
8.	Hillmer, Norman、Molot, Maureen Appel(2002)。Canada Among Nations 2002: A Fading Power。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
9.	Keating, Tom(1993)。Canada and World Order: The Multilateralisi Tradition in Canadian Foreign Policy。Toronto：McClelland & Stewart。
10.	Keating, Tom(2002)。Canada and World Order: The Multilateralisi Tradition in Canadian Foreign Policy。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
11.	Keating, Tom(2003)。Multilateralism and Canadian Foreign Policy: A Reassessment。Canadian Defense and Foreign Affairs Institute。
12.	Nossal, Kim Richard(1997)。The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy。Scarborough：Prentice Hall。
13.	Pratt, Cranford(1990)。Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension。Kingston & Montreal：McGill-Queen's University Press。
14.	Ronning, Chester(1974)。A Memoir of China in Revolution。New York：Pantheon。
15.	Shen, James(1983)。The US and Free China: How the US Sold Out Its Ally。Washington：Acropolis Books。
16.	Cohen, Andrew(2003)。While Canada Slept: How We Lost Our Place in the World。Toronto：McClelland & Stewart。
17.	Cooper, Andrew F.(1997)。Canadian Foreign Policy: Old Habits and New Directions。Scarborough：Prentice-Hall Canada。
18.	Cooper, Andrew F.(2004)。Tests of Global Governance: Canadian Diplomacy and United Nations World Conferences。New York：United Nations University Press。
19.	Cooper, Andrew F.、Higgott, Richard A.、Nossal, Kim Richard(1993)。Relocating Middle Powers: Australia and Canada in a Changing World Order。University of British Columbia Press。
20.	Cooper, Andrew F.、Hayes, Geoffrey(2000)。Worthwhile Initiatives? Canadian Mission--Oriented Diplomacy。Toronto：Irwin Publishing。
21.	Dewitt, David、Kirton, John(1983)。Canada as a Principal Power。Toronto：John Wiley & Sons。
22.	Hawes, Michael(1984)。Principal Power, Middle Power or Satellite?。Toronto：York Centre for Strategic Studies。
23.	Held, David、McGrew, Anthony G.(2002)。Governing Globalization: Power, Authority and Global Governance。Cambridge：Polity Press。
24.	Ruggie, John Gerard(1993)。Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form。New York：Columbia University Press。

其他
1.	Canadian Defense and Foreign Affairs Institute(2003)。In the National Interest: Canadian Foreign Policy in an Insecure World，http://www.cdfai.org。

圖書論文
1.	Beecroft, Stephen(1991)。Canadian Policy Towards China, 1949-57: The Recognition Problem。Reluctant Adversaries。Toronto：University of Toronto Press。
2.	Cameron, Maxwell A.(1998)。Democratization of Foreign Policy: The Ottawa Process as a Model。To Walk Without Fear: The Global Movement to Ban Landmines。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
3.	Cooper, Andrew F.(2002)。Like-Minded Nations, NGOs, and the Changing Pattern of Diplomacy Within the UN System: An Introductory Perspective。Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy。New York：United Nations University Press。
4.	Edgar, Alistair D.(2002)。Peace, Justice and Politics: The International Criminal Court, 'New Diplomacy', and the UN System。Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy。New York：United Nations University Press。
5.	Frolic, B. Michael(1991)。The Trudeau Initiative。Reluctant Adversaries。Toronto：University of Toronto Press。
6.	Lawson, Robert(1998)。The Ottawa Process: Fast-Track Diplomacy and the International Movement to Ban Anti-Personnel Mines。Canada Among Nations 1998: Leadership and Dialogue。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
7.	Reed, James(2002)。Why is the USA Not a Like-Minded Country? Some Structural Notes and Historical Considerations。Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy。New York：United Nations University Press。
8.	Malone, David(2002)。The New Diplomacy at the United Nations: How Substantive?。Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy。New York：United Nations University Press。
9.	Tomlin, Brian W.(1998)。On a Fast Track to a Ban: The Canadian Policy Process。To Walk Without Fear: The Global Movement to Ban Landmines。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
10.	Warmington, Valerie、Tuttle, Celina(1998)。The Canadian Campaign。To Walk Without Fear: The Global Movement to Ban Landmines。Toronto：Oxford University Press。
11.	Keohane, Robert O.、Nye, Joseph S. Jr.(2000)。Governance in a Globalizing World。Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World。London：Routledge。

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