本研究探討家長運動認知與態度對男童體適能的影響，以板橋市忠孝國民小學六年級男童及其家長為研究對象，男童平均年齡11.6±0.3歲，父親平均41.8±4.3歲，母親平均39.0±4.0歲，男童於三週內進行體適能及生理值測驗，家長填寫「運動和保健的認知與態度量表」，男童共測試148人，家長的有效問卷計115份，占77.7%。以獨立樣本t-test考驗經常運動家長的男童與不經常運動家長的男童在不經常運動家長的男童在體適能及生理值的差異性，以單因子變異數分析考驗家長運動認知、運動態度對男童體適能及生理值之影響，差異若達統計顯著水準則以薛費法進行事後比較，顯著水準皆定為p<.05。研究結果如下：一、家長經常運動的男童與家長不經常運動的男童是有差異性的，如男童的三部位皮脂厚總和（48.6±16.0比57.1±18.2毫米）、平均血壓（67.3±7.4比70.4±7.9毫米這柱）、一分鐘仰臥起坐（34.0±6.2比28.8±7.6次/分）立足跳遠（168.4±15.8比158.2±16.6公分），均達到顯著差異水準(p<.05)。二、家長的運動認知對男童的體適能和生理值具有影響力，如安靜心跳率（中認知<低認知）、三部位皮脂厚總和（高認知<低認知）、平均血壓（高認知<低認知）、一分鐘仰臥起坐（高認知>低認知）、立定跳遠（高認知>低認知）、800公尺跑走測驗時間（高認知<低認知）均達到顯著差異水準（p<.05）。三、家長的運動態度對男童的體適能和生理值亦具有影響力，如三部位皮脂厚總和（高、中態度<低態度）、一分鐘仰臥起坐（高態度>低態度）、坐姿體前彎（高態度>低態度）亦達到顯著差異水準（p<.05）。我們所獲得的結論是，家長養成規律的運動習慣及正確的運動認知與態度會影響男童的體適能及生理值，諸如心肺功能、肌力、肥胖度、血壓及柔軟度。欲提升男童的體適能，可配合改善家長的運動習慣及運動認知、態度。

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of parental attitudes and knowledge toward exercise on the physical fitness of elementary school boys. One hundred forty-eight boys (aged 11.6±0.3 years) and their parents (father aged 41.8±4.3 years, mother aged 39.0±4.0 years) were recruited from the Chung-Shio elementary school of Banchay city. All boys underwent physical fitness test and their parents underwent the “Attitudes toward Exercise and Knowledge of Exercise and Health Inventory, EXATI” in three weeks. The 115 questionnaires were validly returned (77.7%). Independent t-test was used to determine any difference in boys of active and inactive parents. One-way ANOVA was used to determine any difference in boys of different parents’ exercise knowledge and attitudes. Data are presented as means±SE, and the level of significance was set at p<.05 for all analyses. Results showed that: 1) Boys of active parents had higher one minute sit up (34.0±6.2 vs. 28.8±7.6), standing long jump (168.4±15.8 vs. 158.2±16.6 cm), and lower skinfold thickness (48.6±16.0 vs. 57.1±18.2mm), mean blood pressure(67.3±7.4 vs. 70.4±7.9 mmHg) than boys of inactive parents (p<.05) 2) Boys of different parents’ exercise knowledge had significant difference in rest heart rate (median<low), skinfold thickness (high<low), sit up (high>low), standing long jump (high>low), 800 meters run-walk test (high<low), sit up (high>low). Boys of different parents’ exercise attitudes had significant difference in skinfold thickness (high, median<low), one minute sit up (high>low), and sit and reach test (high>low). These findings indicate that parents, knowledge and attitudes toward exercise provides important influence on their child’s physical fitness such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, obesity, blood pressure, and flexibility.