Under the lead of President Richard Nixon, the USA undertook to
normalize relation with the PRC. However, this was not achieved within
Nixon’s term of office, probably owing to the Watergate scandal. On 15
December 1978, his successor, President Jimmy Carter announced that he
would establish diplomatic relations with the PRC on 1 January 1979.
While not a complete surprise, this announcement did come as a shock to
Congress and lead to considerable discussion and criticism within the
country. Under the pressure of Congress, the Taiwan Relations Act was
passed on 10 April 1979. This Act is the most internationally-oriented
piece of domestic legislation in the US. It not only determines future
US-Taiwan relations but also sets the role of the US in the area of
security in the western Pacific.
This paper looks at the legislative debates and process by which the
Taiwan Relations Act was passed and at its role in guaranteeing Taiwan’s
and East Asia’s security. On this basis, the discussion proceeds to look
at the impact of the Act on security links between Taiwan, Japan and the
US.