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題名:Crossing the Luzon Strait: Archaeological Chronology in the Batanes Islands, Philippines and the Regional Sequence of Neolithic Dispersal
書刊名:南島研究學報
作者:Anderson, Atholl
出版日期:2005
卷期:1:2
頁次:頁25-45
主題關鍵詞:放射性碳素年代表呂宋海峽新石器時代Radiocarbon chronologyLuzon straitNeolithic
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文將2002-2004年巴丹考古計畫的放射性斷年結果,與呂宋島北部類似的資料予以分析比對。由於礁灘貝與陶器破片斷年被認為不若木炭標本可靠,根據木炭標本的年代,顯示出巴丹島的移民是在相對來說較晚的西元前800年。木炭斷年把原本早期的Sunget和Naidi階段合併成一個時期。由於呂宋島北部的新石器遺址較古老(西元前1700年,木炭斷年),早期從台灣出發的新石器文化遷移可能繞過了巴丹島。早期巴丹物質文化顯示出與台灣和呂宋島北部的相似性,而語言學的資料無法斷定保守的巴丹語是反映出它比呂宋島北部的移民早,或者是巴丹島的與世隔絕。我們對東南亞地區島嶼的地理環境,以及晚期全新世島嶼移民類型的考量,並不支持新石器文化的傳布是跨島而行的單一路線。至少應有兩階段的傳布;也就是假設有一個較早的西南地區及較晚的東北地區。這種假設導引出晚期全新世這個地區的自然環境和互動情形,並指向新石器文化的「目錄」可能可以再分割更細,各文化間的關係比想像中的複雜。由於有關農業擴張情形的研究相對稀少,它一般所造成的人口成長,還不被納入新石器文化快速擴張的因素。特別是從紀元前2000年前之航海技術演進和氣候變遷來看,關於全新世晚期東南亞海島地區的人類移動,還可以有其他進一步探討的途徑。
Radiocarbon dating results from the Batanes archaeological project (2002-2004) are analysed and compared with similar data from northern Luzon. It is argued that the reef-shell and pottery residue ages are not as reliable as dates on charcoal, and that the latter show a relatively late colonization of the Batanes, beginning about 800 BC on charcoal ages. The two successive early phases originally proposed, Sunget and Naidi, are amalgamated into a single early period. As early neolithic sites in northern Luzon are significantly older, beginning about 1700 BC on charcoal dates, early neolithic movement from Taiwan might have bypassed the Batanes. Early Batanes material culture exhibits similarities with types and assemblages in both Taiwan and northern Luzon, and linguistic data cannot determine whether the conservative Batanic languages reflect colonisation earlier than settlement of Luzon, or isolation in the Batanes. Consideration of the geography of island Southeast Asia and of the general pattern of late Holocene island colonization does not offer support to simple steppingstone models of neolithic dispersal. At least two phases of dispersal, one earlier from the southwest, and one later from the northeast, can be hypothesized. Their potential existence raises questions about the nature and interaction of late Holocene populations in the region, suggesting that neolithic cultural inventories may have been more partitioned, and relations more reticulate, than is sometimes envisaged. As expansion of farming is relatively poorly documented, its common demographic impact probably does not account for rapid neolithic expansion. The evolution of maritime technology and climatic change, especially around 2000 BC, suggest alternative avenues for further investigation of late Holocene movements in island Southeast Asia.
期刊論文
1.Szabó, K.、O'Connor, S.(2004)。Migration and complexity in Holocene Island Southeast Asia。World Archaeology,36(4),621-628。  new window
2.Fischer, A.、Heinemeier, J.(2003)。Freshwater Reservoir Effect in 14c Dates of Food Residue on Pottery。Radiocarbon,45,449-466。  new window
3.Solheim, Wilhelm G. II(1984)。The Nusantao hypothesis。Asian Perspectives,26,77-88。  new window
4.Anderson, Atholl(2003)。Different mechanisms of Holocene expansion。  new window
5.Bellwood, Peter、Stevenson, Janelle、Anderson, Atholl、Dizon, Eusebio(2003)。Archaeological and paleoenvironmental research in Batanes and Ilocos Norte provinces, northern Philippines。Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association,23,141-161。  new window
6.Diamond, Jared、Bellwood, Peter(2003)。Farmers and the Languages: The first expansions。Science,300,597-603。  new window
7.Dye, Tom(1994)。Apparent ages of marine shells: Implications for archaeological dating in Hawaii。Radiocarbon,36,51-57。  new window
8.Meacham, William(1984)。On the improbability of Austronesian origins in South China。Asian Perspectives,26(1),89-106。  new window
9.Spriggs, Matthew(2004)。Chronology of the Neolithic transition in island Southeast Asia and the western Pacific.。The Review of Archaeology,24,57-80。  new window
10.Su, Nguyen Khac(1997)。In the framework of the maritime culture of Vietnam: The prehistoric maritime culture of the Northeast。Vietnamese Studies,1,87-116。  new window
11.Terrell, J. E.、Kelly, K. M.、Rainbird, P.(2001)。Foregone conclusions? In search of 'Papuans' and 'Austronesians'。Current Anthropology,42,97-124。  new window
12.Wu, W.、Lui, T.(2004)。Possible role of the “Holocene Event 3” on the collapse of Neolithic Cultures around the Central Plain of China。Quaternary International,117,153-166。  new window
13.Xue, H.、Chai, F.、Pettigrew, N.、Xu, D.、Shi, M.、Xu, J.(2004)。Kuroshio intrusion and the circulation in the South China Sea。Journal of Geophysical Research,109,C02017。  new window
會議論文
1.Tsang, Cheng-hwa、Santiago, Rey A.(2001)。Recent Archaeological Studies in Northern Luzon and Their Implication for the Prehistoric Relationship between Taiwan and the Philippines。International Conference on Austronesian Cultures: Issues Relating to Taiwan。Taipei:Academia Sinica。  new window
2.Bellwood, Peter、Dizon, Eusebio(2004)。The Batanes archaeological project and the 'out of Taiwan' hypothesis for Austronesian dispersal。Asian Fore-Arc Project Workshop: Results and prospects from the Philippines and Taiwan,(會議日期: 2004/08/05-08/06)。ANU。  new window
3.Ross, Malcolm(2004)。The Batanic languages in relation to the early history of the Malayo-Polynesian family。Asian Fore-Arc workshop,(會議日期: 2004/08/05-08/06)。ANU。  new window
圖書
1.Anderson, Atholl、Chappell, John、Gagan, Michael、Grove, Richard(2005)。Prehistoric maritime migration in the Pacific islands: An hypothesis of ENSO forcing。The Holocene。  new window
2.Broodbank, C.(2000)。An Island Archaeology of the Early Cyclades。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.McGrail, S.(2001)。Boats of the World: from the Stone Age to Medieval Times。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Oppenheimer, Stephen(1998)。Eden in the East: The drowned continent of Southeast Asia。London:Weidenfeld and Nicholson。  new window
5.Patton, M.(1996)。Islands in Time: Island Sociogeography and Mediterranean Prehistory。London:Routledge。  new window
6.Tsang, Cheng-hwa(2000)。The Archaeology of Taiwan。Council for Cultural Affairs, Executive Yuan, ROC。  new window
7.Bellwood, Peter S.(1997)。Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago。Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press。  new window
單篇論文
1.Hung, Hsiao-chun(2003)。Taiwan and northern Luzon Interaction. The pottery and jade evidences from Cagayan valley。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bellwood, Peter(2004)。The Origins and Dispersals of Agricultural Communities in Southeast Asia。Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History。London:Routledge-Curzon。  new window
2.Anderson, Atholl(2000)。Slow boats from China: Issues in the prehistory of Indo-Pacific seafaring。East of Wallace's Line: Studies of past and present maritime cultures of the Indo-Pacific region。Rotterdam:Balkema。  new window
3.Anderson, Atholl(2003)。Initial human dispersal in remote Oceania: Pattern and explanation。Pacific Archaeology: Assessments and prospects。  new window
4.Anderson, Atholl、Higham, Tom、Wallace, Rod(2001)。The radiocarbon chronology of the Norfolk Island archaeological sites。The Prehistoric Archaeology of Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific。  new window
5.Pawley, Andrew(2002)。The Austronesian dispersal: Languages, technologies and people。Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis。Cambridge:MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge。  new window
6.Bacus, Elizabeth(2002)。The archaeology of the Philippine archipelago。Southeast Asia: From prehistory to history。London:Routledge-Curzon。  new window
7.Bellwood, Peter(2002)。Farmers, Foragers, Languages, Genes: The genesis of agricultural societies。Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis。Cambridge:MacDonald Institute Monograph。  new window
8.Bellwood, Peter、Glover, Ian(2004)。Southeast Asia. Foundations for an archaeological history。Southeast Asia: From prehistory to history。London:Routledge-Curzon。  new window
9.Cavalli-Sforza, L.、Broodbank, C.(2002)。Demic diffusion as the basic process of human expansions。Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis。Cambridge:MacDonald Institute Monograph。  new window
10.Cherry, J.(2004)。Mediterranean island prehistory: What's different and what's new。Voyages of Discovery: The Archaeology of Islands。London:Praeger。  new window
11.Higham, Charles(2004)。Mainland Southeast Asia from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age。Southeast Asia: From prehistory to history。London:Routledge-Curzon。  new window
12.Oppenheimer, Stephen、Richards, Martin(2002)。Polynesians: Devolved Taiwanese rice fanners or Wallacean maritime traders with fishing, foraging and horticultural skills?。Examining the Farming/ Language Dispersal Hypothesis。Cambridge:MacDonald Institute Monograph。  new window
13.Faz, Victor(2002)。Island Southeast Asia: Spread or friction zone?。Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis。Cambridge:MacDonald Institute Monograph。  new window
 
 
 
 
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