文物的清潔修護，首要決定的是要清潔的對象，也就是要從文物上被移除的物質。這些物質都是外在附加於文物上的物質，或是文物本身與外在環境反應所產生的附加物質，通稱為外來物。清潔修護，是以保持文物整體性，維護原貌為前提，進行外來物的移除；但若是這些外來物經過評估，可能為保持該文物穩定性的關鍵或者是具有特殊意義的外來物，那麼反倒是將此外來物保留而非一昧地移除。本文試圖藉由修護實例，以蒸氣法和浸泡法為出發點，來談談介入性的修護理念與其應用模式。主要是說明除了常見的乾式清潔外，蒸氣法與浸泡法介入性清潔修護的可行性，也試圖說明，可選用的組合方式很多，重點是了解有哪些選擇，再根據文物的狀況，確實認知清潔修護的範疇，來選用清潔修護的方式。

The first step in cleaning conservation of an object is to identify the substance that is to be cleaned, or in other words, removed. Substances are either from an alien deposit or from reaction with the surrounding environment. It is generally accepted that any action of removal shall be based on the integrity of the object. Thus, if alien substances play a role in stabilizing the object, s structure or in its historical significance, consideration should be given to allowing them to remain. This article attempts to discuss the application of interventive treatments to cleaning conservation, namely vapor and immersion methods, in addition to dry methods. By understanding the potential use of these two intervention methods, conservation professionals can develop flexible methodology to carry out appropriate cleaning according to the needs and condition of objects.