Metaphors in idioms are universal in languages. The progression from conceptual meaning to metaphorical meaning is a cognitive activity of mapping from one thing to another. This paper, based on the analysis of 2,347 metaphorical idioms, their linguistic features, grammatical structures, grammatical functions, and semantic categories, tries to identify categories of metaphorical idioms. Most of the metaphorical idioms in Chinese are found to be composed of projective semanticelements and descriptive semantic elements, among which the former are the basis for mapping from explicit to the implicit meaning, while the latter are the key to understanding the relevance of the two parts.