The enforceability of arbitration agreements, particularly those contained in online consumer contracts, is a prerequisite of the commencement of online consumer arbitration. Under the American law, pre-dispute consumer arbitration agreements are generally enforceable in accordance with the FAA in line with the general principles of contract law. When determining the enforceability issue, the validity of an arbitration agreement, the severability doctrine, and the unconscionability doctrine are to be taken into account. However, the American approach may produce inconsistent results, as it depends on the application and interpretation of abstract legal principles by different courts on a case-by-case basis. The European rules, on the other hand, explicit1y prohibit the incorporation of pre-dispute arbitration agreements in consumer contracts, thus rendering such arbitration agreements unenforceable. This may be unnecessarily excessive as under specific circumstances a consumer may actually consent to such a pre-dispute arbitration agreement. It may also make consumers more disadvantageous as the adjudication of a dispute may depend on the merchant's willingness to submit to arbitration in a post-dispute context where litigation is unaffordable for the consumers. A pragmatic solution is to ensure that the arbitration agreements are fairer for the consumers in jurisdictions where they are not prohibited by law. To achieve this goal, two approaches may be adopted. Firstly to increase a consumer's opportunities to read and consent to a pre-dispute arbitration agreement by the industry's self-regulation regarding sufficient notice and information of arbitration in advance before a consumer entering into a contract. Secondly for the governments to establish uniform rules governing enforceability with concrete illustrations of the instances of unenforceable arbitration agreements.