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題名：記憶功能與情境式記憶測驗的介紹
書刊名：臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌
作者：蔡佩倫
作者(外文)：Tsai, Pei-luen
出版日期：2006
卷期：2:2
頁次：頁65-73
主題關鍵詞：記憶理論；後設記憶；記憶扭曲；記憶障礙；情境式記憶測驗；Memory theory；Metamemory；Memory distortion；Memory dysfunction；Contextual memory test
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記憶是人類認知層次的重要功能之一，它涉及到人類生活的各個面向，是學習各種事物的基礎。因此，腦傷患者的記憶功能障礙不但會對其日常生活功能造成影響，也會因為患者無法將治療師所訓練的技巧加以熟記，造成復健治療的主要障礙。本文將介紹記憶的相關理論、記憶扭曲的現象，以及記憶功能障礙和傳統常用的記憶測驗。最後，將特別介紹－標準化的記憶評估工具－情境式記憶測驗。此測驗的特點在於除了能夠判斷患者的記憶功能是否受損之外，並可同時評估其後設記憶功能與記憶策略的使用情形，以進一步做為後續之記憶訓練的依據。情境式記憶測驗在臨床上的實用性已在多篇的研究報告中獲得支持，故希望藉此機會介紹給國內的臨床治療人員。
Memory is involved with every aspect of daily life and plays an important role in learning. Therefore, memory impairments caused by brain injury present a major barrier to rehabilitation because the individual is unable to learn or carry over techniques taught by occupational therapists. The purpose of this paper was to present briefly several key topics about memory, including theories of memory, metamemory, the phenomenon of memory distortion, memory dysfunction and assessment tools. Finally, the Contextual Memory Test (CMT) was emphasized especially. The unique characteristics of the CMT is that it provides objective measures of memory dysfunction, metamemory and strategy use. In addition, the CMT further links assessment results with the following treatment. The results of several studies have shown that the CMT is a valuable memory and metamemory assessment tool for use with different client populations. Recommendations for clinical application are discussed.
期刊論文
1.Baddeleys, A.(1992)。Working memory。Science，255，556-559。  new window
2.Gil, N.、Josman, N.(2001)。Memory and metamemoiy performance in Alzheimerf's disease and healthy elderly: the Contextual Memory Test (CMT)。Aging and Clinical Experimental Research，13，309-315。  new window
3.Josman, N.、Berney, T.、Jarus, T.(2000)。Performance of children with and without traumatic brain injury on the Contextual Memory Test (CMT)。Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics，19，39-51。  new window
4.McClelland, J. L.、Rumelhart, D. E.(1985)。Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General，114(2)，159-188。  new window
5.Schacter, D. L.(1999)。The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience。American Psychologist，54，182-203。  new window
6.Squire, L. R.、Knowlton, B.、Musen, G.(1993)。The structure and organization of memory。Annual Review of Psychology，44，453-495。  new window
7.Tulving, E.(1993)。What is episodic memory?。Current Directions in Psychological Science，3，67-70。  new window
8.Waugh, N. C.、Norman, D. A.(1965)。Primary memory。Psychological Review，72，89-104。  new window
9.Cohen, N. J.、Squire, L. R.(1980)。Preserved learning and retention of pattern analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that。Science，210(4466)，207-210。  new window
10.Schacter, D. L.(1987)。Implicit memory: History and current status。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，13，501-518。  new window
11.Josman, N.、Hartman-Maeir, A.(2000)。Cross-cultural assessment of the Contextual Memory Test (CMT)。Occupational Therapy International，7，246-258。  new window
12.Craik, F. I. M.、Lockhart, R. S.(1972)。Levels of processing: A framework for memory research。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，11(6)，671-684。  new window
13.So, Y. P.、Toglia, J. P.、Donohue, M.(1997)。A study of memory functioning in chronic。Occupational Therapy in Mental Health，13，1-23。  new window
14.Ericsson, K. Anders、Kintsch, Walter(1995)。Long-term working Memory。Psychological Review，102(2)，211-245。  new window
會議論文
1.Kizony, R.、Katz, N.、Weiss, P. L.(2004)。Virtual reality based intervention in rehabilitation: Relationship between motor and cognitive abilities and performance within virtual environments for patients with stroke。The Fifth International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies。Oxford：University of Reading Press。19-26。  new window
圖書
1.Itzkovich, M.、Elazar, B.、Katz, N.(1996)。Geriatric version: Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA-G) battery。Pequannock, NJ：Maddak Inc.。  new window
2.Lezak, M. D.(1995)。Neuropsychological Assessment。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Schacter, D. L.(2001)。The seven sins of memory: How the mind forgets and remembers。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
4.Squire, L. R.、Kandel, E. R.(2000)。Memory: From mind to molecules。New York：W.H. Freeman & Company。  new window
5.Toglia, J. P.(1993)。Contextual Memory Test (Manual)。Tucson, AZ：Therapy Skill Builders。  new window
6.Sternberg, R. J.(2002)。Cognitive Psychology。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth Publishing。  new window
7.Wechsler, D.(1997)。Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale。San Antonio, TX：Harcourt Assessment, Inc.。  new window
8.Wilson, B.、Cockburn, J.、Baddeley, A.(1985)。The Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test。Thames Valley Test Company。  new window
9.Sivan, A. B.(1992)。Benton Visual Retention Test。New York：Psychological Corportion。  new window
圖書論文
1.Brown, S. C.、Craik, F. I. M.(2000)。Encoding and retrieval of information。The Oxford Handbook of Memory。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Markowitsch, H. J.(2000)。The anatomical bases of memory。The new cognitive Neurosciences。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
3.McClelland, J. L.(2000)。Connectionist models of memory。The Oxford Handbook of Memory。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Metcalfe, J.(2000)。Metamemory。The Oxford Handbook of Memory。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Squire, L. R.、Knowlton, B. J.(2000)。The medial temporal lobe, the hippocampus, and the memory systems of the brain。The new cognitive Neurosciences。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
6.Wheeler, M. A.(2000)。Episodic memory and autonoetic awareness。The Oxford Handbook of Memory。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Atkinson, R. C.、Shiffrin, R. M.(1968)。Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes。The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory。New York：Academic Press。  new window
8.Baddeley, A. D.(2000)。Short-term and working memory。The Oxford Handbook of Memory。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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